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2018年考研英语长难句五大拆分信号

来源 :中华考试网 2017-07-17

  总有人说考研英语得阅读者得天下,而阅读中难点重点又在于对句子结构的分析。有的考研er遇到长难句,就无所适从。其实英语里的所有句子,不管句子多长,结构多么复杂,看起来多难,无外乎是由英语中的8种句子成分(即:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语)组合而成,或者说是在英语中的5种基本句型(即:主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主系表结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾宾补结构)的框架之上添加修饰成分扩展而来的,所以只要掌握了长难句拆分的方法,再长再难的句子就都迎刃而解了。

  考研英语长难句拆分要遵循这样的原则:把主句和从句拆分出来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。但是遇到长难句时,具体要从哪些地方切入进行拆分呢?

  ★考研英语长难句拆分信号:

  1、标点符号:

  比如,2个逗号形成插入语,破折号表示解释说明,分号相当于"and"表示并列;

  2、连词:

  并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等,从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;

  3、介词:

  介词引导介词短语,介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;

  4、不定式符号to:

  不定式符号to引导不定式短语,在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外,还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;

  5、分词:

  分词包括现在分词和过去分词,在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。

  ★实战演练

  This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

  1、句子拆分

  拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号

  This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail

  2、句子结构

  找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen)

  找连词(when, that, that)

  前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词

  确定主从句

  主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;

  从句:定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

  3、解析

  during the Second World War(介词短语做状语)when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail (做定语修饰)the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail(同位语从句修饰)conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment(修饰)demands。

  4、本句的参考译文

  这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

  总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提高了,长难句也就攻克了,对于考研阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。

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