1)抽象名词后加词使其具体化。如: serious unemployment严重的失业问题

　　He was still reluctant to talk substance.他仍然不愿意谈实质性的东西。

　　2)增加一个适当的名词。如:

　　The temperature needed for this progressing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.这种加工方法所需要的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。　Fundamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is, upon physics.电子学基本上是以人们对物质世界的认识，也就是以物理学为基础的。(补充被动语态省去的部分)

　　3)增加数量词。如: first oil well第 一口油井It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。(示范)

　　4)增加形容词。如:

　　Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.速度快，可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。

　　5)不及物动词后增加宾语。如:

　　John’s mother washed for a living after his father died.约翰的父亲去世后，他母亲以洗衣为生。

　　I haven’t enough time to read.我没有足够的时间读书。

　　6)增加连词。如:If you are an energetic man with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical.如果你是个精力充沛的人，对于如何恰当地完成你的工作有着独到的见解，那么你会发现自己总是听命于上面的某个大人物。而他又是一个上了年纪，精力不支，还爱吹毛求疵的人。

　　7)增加表示时态的词。如:

　　You were, you are, and you remain to be my beloved mentor.你过去是，现在是，将来仍然是我敬爱的导师。

　　We were hoping to have a holiday next week, but we may not be able to get away now.我们原来盼着下星期放假，但现在我们可能走不了了。

　　8)增加一个适当的动词。如:The world needn’t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources of fuel for the future.世界无需担心将来可能出现的煤、石油、天然气或者其他燃料来源短缺的问题。

　　9)增加英语中省略的词。如:

　　We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过，将来也决不后退。

　　When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我，他雇了我。

　　10)增加一些适当修饰词语。如:The students rant all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before.学生们一路跑到火车站，可惜火车10分钟前就开走了。

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