三、新题型

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a list of headings and a text about a park naturalist. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

　　[A]Becoming a naturalist

　　[B]Seeing wonder in the ordinary

　　[C]A changing role

　　[D]Disgusting and embarrassing moments

　　[E]What does a park naturalist do?

　　[F]What does it take to be a park naturalist?

　　I have the best job in the Wisconsin State Park System. As a park naturalist at Peninsula State Park, I am busy writing reports, creating brochures about trees or flowers, and sometimes visiting schools.And, of course, I make sure Peninsula’s feathered friends are well fed.

　　41. _____________

　　As a park naturalist I am a writer, a teacher, a historian and, if not a social worker, at least a mentor to young people interested in the environment. I love the diversity of my job. Every day is different. Most tasks require creativity. Now that I am an experienced naturalist, I have the freedom to plan my own day and make decisions about the types of programs that we offer at Peninsula.

　　42. _____________

　　In my first naturalist job, I spent four out of five days leading school field trips and visiting classrooms. As a state park naturalist I still work with students, but more often lead programs like bird walks, nature crafts, outdoor skills, and trail hikes. I also find myself increasingly involved in management decisions. For example, sometimes the park naturalist is the person who knows where rare orchids grow or where ravens nest. When decisions are made about cutting trees, building trails, or creating more campsites. naturalists are asked to give the “ecological perspective.”

　　43. _____________

　　Perhaps the grossest thing I’ve done as a naturalist is to boil animal skulls. Visitors like seeing bones and skins—at least after they have been cleaned up! Once, our nature center needed more skulls. A trapper gave me muskrat, raccoon and fox skulls but I had to clean them. First, I boiled the skin and meat off. Boy, did that stink! Then I used dissecting tools and old toothbrushes to clean out the eyeballs. Finally, I soaked the skulls in a bleach solution. I’ve had some embarrassing experiences, too. On my first hike as Peninsula’s new naturalist, I was so excited that I identified a white pine tree as a red pine tree! That’s quite a mistake since the trees are so easy to tell apart. White pine needles are in bundles of five and red pine needles are in bundles of two.

　　44. _____________

　　Not all state parks are as busy or as big as Peninsula. Not all park naturalists spend the seasons as I do. Nevertheless, park naturalists share certain common interests and responsibilities: A park naturalist might notice that branches of a red maple growing in a field reach out to the side while those of a red maple in a thick forest reach up, and wonder why the trees look different. A naturalist makes things happen. It might be working with workers to clean up part of a river. Park naturalists share knowledge in different ways, but all of them communicate with people. A love of learning--from other people, from plants and animals, from books, and more—is an essential quality. Most naturalists don’t work in places of rare beauty. Many work in city parks or in places that show “wear and tear.” If you can wonder about an inchworm, a juniper bush, or a robin and cause others to wonder, too, then you are ready to become a park naturalist.

　　45. _____________

　　If you think you want to become a park naturalist, do the following:

　　Explore your home landscape. Knowing how people have shaped the land where you live-and how the land has shaped them-will lend a comparison that will serve you well.

　　Start a field sketch book.Sketch what you see, where and when. The reason is not to practice art skills (though you may discover you have a talent) but, rather, to practice observation skills.

　　Go to college. You will need a 4-year degree. There are several academic routes that lead to the naturalist’s road. I have found ornithology, plant taxonomy and human growth and development to be among my most helpful courses.

　　Listen and learn. A college degree is like a ticket. It lets you board the plane but is only the beginning of the journey. Look and listen to those who have already traveled the road for ideas, knowledge and inspiration.

　　正确答案： 41---45 ECDFA

　　答案解析：41. 第二段，即第41题所在段落衔接第一段，进一步解释说明“我”所从事的工作的性质和特点。A强调成为公园博物学家的过程，没有涉及具体的工作内容;F强调成为公园博物学家所应具备的特点，着眼点是公园博物学家本身，而不是其工作;E强调工作的内容、特点，最能概括这一段内容。

　　42. 第三段仍然在介绍“我”作为公园博物学家的工作内容，但是关键词In my first naturalist job和As a state park naturalist暗示了“我”的角色的变化。根据段落内容可知，“我”的工作重心产生了变化，包括开始涉及制定管理方面的决策。所以本题应该选C。

　　43. 第四段的内容分两个层次。第一个层次的主题在首句中出现，即“the grossest thing”，gross做形容词时，意为“令人恶心的”，从下文的描述，特别是段中的感叹句“Boy，did that stink”也可以猜测出该词的含义。第二个层次的主题是该段后半部分出现的embarrassing experiences，接着文章以“我”把白松和红松弄混的例子予以说明。因此全段论述了“令人恶心和令人尴尬的事”，D项正好是该段内容的概括，其中disgusting和gross，moments和experiences是两组同义词。

　　44. 第五段的主题句是第三句，即“公园博物学家有一些共同的兴趣和责任”。下文围绕这个主题分别列举了几点兴趣和责任，如：善于观察、富有好奇心;身体厉行来保护环境;与人交流;热爱学习;等等。所以全段都是在讲述做一名公园博物学家所需具备的素质或能力，F项是对本段的概括。B项“从平凡中看出奇迹”只是该段最后部分涉及的内容，是公园博物学家需要具有的众多品质之一，不足以概括全段内容，因此不能入选。

　　45. 第六段中又包含了几个小标题，显然每个小标题也是对应段落主题的概括。四个小标题段是并列关系，共同说明当一名公园博物学家需要做的具体准备。E强调的是成为公园博物学家后做的事情，与段落内容不符，排除。F具有干扰性，但和A比较起来，显然应该排在A前面。标题中从F的“to be”到A的“becoming”，而文章内容则从第五段的“成为公园博物学家的先天条件”到第六段的“具体的准备工作”。