49. Theories centering on the individual suggest thatchildren engage incriminal behavior because theywere not sufficiently penalized for previousmisdeeds or that they have learned criminalbehavior through interation with others.

　　50. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response totheir failure to rise above their socioecomonic status, or as a rejection of middle-class value.

　　51. For Example, changes in the economy that lead tofewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment in general make gainful employmentincreasingly difficult to obtain.

　　52. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional familystructure.

　　考研英语长难句解析：

　　第49题：

　　【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 Theories...suggestthat...or that...，两个 that 引导两个并列的从句作suggest 的宾语，由 连or 接。分词结构 centering on...是 Theories 的后置定语;第一个宾语从句中，children engage in criminal behavior 为句子主干，后跟 because 引导的原因状语从句;第二个宾语从句中，through interation with others 为方式状语。

　　【译文】强调个人因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们曾经的恶习未得到应有的惩治，或是由于受别人影响而学会了犯罪。

　　【点拨】1) engage (sb.) in sth."参加某事;从事某事"。2) misdeed"违法行为，犯罪"。

　　第50题：

　　【分析】复合句。句子主干为 Theories...suggest that...，that 引导宾语从句。 focusing on the role ofsociety 为现在分词结构作后置定语，修饰 Theories。 宾语从句的主干为 children commit crimes。

　　【译文】强调社会因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们未能如愿地提高自己的社会经济地位，或者是因为排斥中产阶级的价值观。

　　第51题：

　　【分析】复合句。句子主语为changes;谓语为make;宾语为gainful employment;increasingly difficult to obtain 为宾语补足语。in the economy 和 that 引导的定语从句均修饰changes。

　　【译文】例如，经济变化导致年轻人就业机会减少和失业率上升，通常在这种情况下，他们更难获得高新职位

　　第52题：

　　【分析】并列复合句。由分号连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句是简单句。第二个分句中，consequently为句首状语， children 是主语，are likely to have 是谓语部分。less supervision at home 是宾语部分，than was common in the traditional family structure 是宾语从句修饰supervision。

　　【译文】单亲家庭和双职工家庭越来越多;从而，儿童在家中受到监管比传统结构家庭要少。

　　【点拨】consist of "由…组成"。