1、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. According to the text,this flexible working ways can help those people who_____.

　　A work in permanent bui want to eam more

　　B have retired but have no pension

　　C study in full-time schooling

　　D have no working experiences

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第四段，在中间处体现了题目的内容，即The ability to tum downWork is imporlant to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time ofyear.(拒绝工作的能力对学生来说非常重要，因为他们想要在每年的这个时候复习功课或者晒太阳。)与这个信息相对应的选项为C项study in full-time schooling“全日制学习的人”，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项在段落中没有体现。B项在段落中虽然有提到，但是文中的含义为渴望得到一点额外的收入的养老金领取者也可以在没有固定工作时间、充满不确定的情况下游刃有余，这项是概念的偷换。D项在文中没有提及，应当排除。

　　2、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. "Zero-hours contract"would be helpful for some firms in that_____.

　　A working hours for works should be agreed on

　　B people can refuse work practically

　　C it would bc less costly to cut jobs than hire permanent staff

　　D it would cut cost to scale up the company

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第二段和第三段，其中第三段的第二句可以体现题目的内容，即They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.(它们还有助于公司在经济复苏时扩大规模，其方式是在雇用固定员工前测试应聘者的业务水平。因为一旦雇用同定员工后，如果出现问题，裁员的代价会更高。)而与这个信息相对应的选项C项it would be less costly to cut jobs than hire permanent staff.“缩减岗位比聘用固定员工成本低”所以C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】剩余的选项在段落中没有体现，因此应该排除。

　　3、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. Which ofthe following is the best title ofthis text?

　　A Zero-hours Contract-Lack of Flexibility

　　B Zero-hours Contract-an Out-of-date Policy

　　C Zero-hours Contract-an Illegal Policy

　　D Zero-hours Contract-a Challenging Way Against Permanent Job

　　答案：A  

　　答案解析：主旨大意题。解决该题目的关键是，通过做完前四道题大体知道文章的中心，再次通读各段首句，验证中心。整个文章都是在围绕着零时工合同的影响来说，在结尾处明确地说明了零时工合同并不灵活，而与这个信息相对应的选项为A项Zero-hours Contract-Lack of Flexibility(零时工合同——缺乏灵活性)，所以A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】剩余的选项分别为零时工合同过时、非法、挑战固定工作，这些信息在个别段落虽然有提及，但是不足以说明文章的中心，属于以偏概全，故均可排除。

　　4、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. "Zero-hours contract"would benefit_____

　　A economy recovery

　　B Labor Party

　　C employment

　　D the govemment

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位在第一段，定位词在结尾处有体现，而段落开头体现的信息为Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then.when the recovery began，allowing employment to rise(英国经济衰退期间，其灵活的劳动力市场简直就是一个福音，它既保持了英国较低的失业率，也在经济复苏时提高了就业率。)与这个信息相对应的选项为C项employment“就业”，故C项为正确选项.【干扰排除】B项虽然在段落中有提到，但是文中说YeL one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.(但其所带来的一些革新却让政客们惶恐不安。)与题目的说法相反，剩余的选项在段落中没有提及，因此均应当排除。

　　5、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on"zero_hours contracts"if he wins the next election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

　　A Many workers on zero-hours contracts are often unsatisfied with their conditions.

　　B Many people don't want to join permanent work.

　　C Economic recovery will eventually lead to zero-hours contracts out of date.

　　D Reducing labour-market flexibility is not the original idea of zero-hours contracts

　　答案：D  

　　答案解析：推理判断题。解决此题的关键是通读段落后找到四个选项在段落中的位置，通读第五段可以得出零时工合同的影响即：Yet that leaves more thana quarter ofworkers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.(然而.25%以上的零时合同工对自己的工作环境不满。)25%并不等同于很多，同时第六段结尾处也说了工人的初衷并不是要降低市场灵活性，与这个信息相对应的选项为D项Reducing labour-market flexibility js not the original idea of zero-hours corWacts.“减少劳动力市场的灵活性并不是零时工合同最初的目标”。所以D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项的Many与第五段第一句中的more than a quarter of workers不相符;B项与第五段的尾句相反;C项，文中没有提到“过时”，因此应当排除。

　　☛☛☛进入2022年研究生考试练习题库>>>更多考研试题(每日一练、模拟试卷、历年真题、易错题)等你来做!