1、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. The word"ersatz"(Para.3)most probably means_____

　　A invalid

　　B disputable

　　C unreal

　　D insufficient

　　答案：C  

　　答案解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段。根据单词所在句的句意：但是父母和孩子之间的交流质量越来越低，甚至是。父母通常在孩子的物质生活上投入关心，但在情感上，投入却很少。比质量低还差的应该是假的，不真实的，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】根据以上分析可知，A项invalid“无效的”、B项disputable“有争议的”、D项insufficient“不足的”均不符合原文语义，故均排除。

　　2、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. According to Paragraph 4,we can learn that risks of use of screen______

　　A should be viewed correctly

　　B need more credible evidence

　　C are higher among parents

　　D are overestimated among children

　　答案：A  

　　答案解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段，原文提到，父母使用电子设备的影响未引起重视的这种想法，并不是要低估电子设备对孩子们的直接危害，可知电子设备对父母及孩子的影响应该同样得到正视，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】原文并没有说证据不足，B项与原文不符，故排除;C、D项原文未提及，属于无中生有，故均排除。

　　3、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. Which kind of game may be wholesome for kids?

　　A A game with limited episode.

　　B A game according with their nature.

　　C A game testing cognitive level.

　　D A game promoting brain development.

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段，原文指出孩子们在手机或平板电脑上玩的一些较新的互动游戏可能比看电视或YouTube更有益，因为它们更能模仿孩子天性的游戏行为，B项属于合理推断，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项利用episode作干扰;c项利用cognitive作干扰;D项原文未提及。故均排除。

　　4、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. The contact between parents and cluldren is poorer because______

　　A parents hardly have spare time

　　B children are distracted by digital devices

　　C affective interaction is hardly involved

　　D parents may be addicted to smartphones

　　答案：D  

　　答案解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第三段。contact与原文中的engagement为同义替换;poorer与increasingly low-quality为同义替换。原文提到，父母通常在孩子的物质生活上投入关心，但在情感上，投入却很少;再根据最后一句孩子们开的玩笑可知，D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】原文提到父母现在有更多的时间和孩子在一起，A项与原文不符，故排除;B项原文未提及;原文中说的是less emotionally attuned，C项中的hardly过于肯定，故排除。

　　5、Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time(especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery)are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.(My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.)Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that smartphones_____

　　A hardly have any advantages

　　B bring numerous bad effects

　　C bear the most severed criticism

　　D have little effect on parents

　　答案：B  

　　答案解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第一、二段。第一段提到智能手机带来的危害太多，不能一一列出，但是列出没有被它们干扰的事情似乎还是比较容易的，即B项为合理推断，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“几乎没有任何优势”，属于推理过度;原文提到我们的社会对于电子设备的批判可能正值前所未有的高度，C项将可能变成了肯定，故排除;原文第二段提到除了关注沉迷于电子设备的儿童，我们还应该关注那些被电子设备分心的父母，可见父母也受电子设备的影响，D项错误。

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