1、Over the course of the past three decades,the A has become the most common grade given out on Amerrcan college campuses.In 2015,42 percent of grades were top marks,compared to 31 percent in 1988.1.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness"-is helping raise grade-point averages.Different schools'policies can work in slightly different ways,but in general,grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GP A.(Both grades still appear on the student's transcript.)The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.According to a forthcoming survey by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers,a trade group,some 91 percent of undergraduate colleges and 80 percent of graduate and professional schools permit students to repeat courses to improve a grade.2.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.3.Indeed,there seems to be demand for do-overs."Students are asking for it,"said Jack Miner,Ohio State University's registrar and executive director of enrollment services."We're attracting and retaining stronger students and there's more competition to get into majors and graduate schools,and a small change in their GPA can help."College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately,"Ohio State's Miner said,"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the contenl that allows them to graduate on time."That said,there i.s a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges'own needs as well.4.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students-who,at the end of the day,are paying the bill-feel they've gotten a betler value for their tuition dollars.which i.s another big concern for colleges.Indeed.grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers'expectations for higher education.5.On this,students'and colleges'incentives seem to be aligned. 2选? A.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a seconcl chance io take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.

　　A.This lrend of grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.

　　B.This.trend of the dominance of the A began in the 1960s,abated somewhat in the'70s and came back strong in the'80s.The previous signs of academic disaster.

　　C.and F,went by the wayside in the Vietnam era,when dropping out meant becoming eligible for the draft.

　　D.Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to churn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at least appear to be.

　　E.One concern highlighted by this phenomenon is that lenient policies undermine the traditional work ethic by teaching students that performance doesn't really matter,because there's always another chance.

　　F.The rise of grade forgiveness scans as yet another instance of colleges treating students as customers to be satisfied-similar to campus amenities such as luxurious dorms,splendid recreational facilities,and cornucopian dining halls.

　　G.For public institutions,state appropriations are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention-so better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.

　　正确答案：A  

　　答案解析：由空格下文But now(表示语义转折、今昔对比)反推空格处应涉及对过去某种情形的介绍，初步锁定A.。该项介绍分数宽恕政策早期情况thispractice复现本段首句this little-known practice，是对空格前一句句末提到的学校做法(…schools permit students to rcpeal courses to improve a grade)的概括;同时first.一decades ago VS now、usually limited to freshmen VS all undergraduates，and even graduate students凸显该项与空格下文内容的昔今对比。

　　2、Over the course of the past three decades,the A has become the most common grade given out on Amerrcan college campuses.In 2015,42 percent of grades were top marks,compared to 31 percent in 1988.1.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness"-is helping raise grade-point averages.Different schools'policies can work in slightly different ways,but in general,grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GP A.(Both grades still appear on the student's transcript.)The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.According to a forthcoming survey by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers,a trade group,some 91 percent of undergraduate colleges and 80 percent of graduate and professional schools permit students to repeat courses to improve a grade.2.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.3.Indeed,there seems to be demand for do-overs."Students are asking for it,"said Jack Miner,Ohio State University's registrar and executive director of enrollment services."We're attracting and retaining stronger students and there's more competition to get into majors and graduate schools,and a small change in their GPA can help."College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately,"Ohio State's Miner said,"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the contenl that allows them to graduate on time."That said,there i.s a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges'own needs as well.4.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students-who,at the end of the day,are paying the bill-feel they've gotten a betler value for their tuition dollars.which i.s another big concern for colleges.Indeed.grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers'expectations for higher education.5.On this,students'and colleges'incentives seem to be aligned. 3选? A.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a seconcl chance io take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.

　　A.This lrend of grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.

　　B.This.trend of the dominance of the A began in the 1960s,abated somewhat in the'70s and came back strong in the'80s.The previous signs of academic disaster.

　　C.and F,went by the wayside in the Vietnam era,when dropping out meant becoming eligible for the draft.

　　D.Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to churn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at least appear to be.

　　E.One concern highlighted by this phenomenon is that lenient policies undermine the traditional work ethic by teaching students that performance doesn't really matter,because there's always another chance.

　　F.The rise of grade forgiveness scans as yet another instance of colleges treating students as customers to be satisfied-similar to campus amenities such as luxurious dorms,splendid recreational facilities,and cornucopian dining halls.

　　G.For public institutions,state appropriations are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention-so better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.

　　正确答案：F  

　　答案解析：由空格下句Indeed(表示强调或支持刚说过的话)可推知，空格处内容应与“学生对重修课程的需求(demand for do-overs/Students are asking for it)”相关，初步锁定[F]。[F]项指出分数宽恕政策兴起的实质/原因是“学校将学生视为消费者，尽力满足其需求”，与空格下文“学生为提高在就业和升学上的竞争力而要求‘重修课程’，学校满足这一要求”形成“先概括后具体”的逻辑关系;同时.[F]项The rise of grade forgiveness同义复现上段段首The use of this little-known practice has accelerated，指代第三段提出的“越来越多人利用分数宽恕政策”这一现象，another instance of.…引出其背后的实质/原因，即上段构成“提出现象一分析实质/原因”的逻辑关联。

　　3、Over the course of the past three decades,the A has become the most common grade given out on Amerrcan college campuses.In 2015,42 percent of grades were top marks,compared to 31 percent in 1988.1.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called"grade forgiveness"-is helping raise grade-point averages.Different schools'policies can work in slightly different ways,but in general,grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GP A.(Both grades still appear on the student's transcript.)The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their graduation rates.According to a forthcoming survey by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers,a trade group,some 91 percent of undergraduate colleges and 80 percent of graduate and professional schools permit students to repeat courses to improve a grade.2.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.3.Indeed,there seems to be demand for do-overs."Students are asking for it,"said Jack Miner,Ohio State University's registrar and executive director of enrollment services."We're attracting and retaining stronger students and there's more competition to get into majors and graduate schools,and a small change in their GPA can help."College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty."Ultimately,"Ohio State's Miner said,"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the contenl that allows them to graduate on time."That said,there i.s a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges'own needs as well.4.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students-who,at the end of the day,are paying the bill-feel they've gotten a betler value for their tuition dollars.which i.s another big concern for colleges.Indeed.grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers'expectations for higher education.5.On this,students'and colleges'incentives seem to be aligned. 5选? A.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a seconcl chance io take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.

　　A.This lrend of grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.

　　B.This.trend of the dominance of the A began in the 1960s,abated somewhat in the'70s and came back strong in the'80s.The previous signs of academic disaster.

　　C.and F,went by the wayside in the Vietnam era,when dropping out meant becoming eligible for the draft.

　　D.Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to churn out graduates who are as qualified as possible-or at least appear to be.

　　E.One concern highlighted by this phenomenon is that lenient policies undermine the traditional work ethic by teaching students that performance doesn't really matter,because there's always another chance.

　　F.The rise of grade forgiveness scans as yet another instance of colleges treating students as customers to be satisfied-similar to campus amenities such as luxurious dorms,splendid recreational facilities,and cornucopian dining halls.

　　G.For public institutions,state appropriations are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention-so better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.

　　正确答案：D  

　　答案解析：空格下文指出学生和大学在某事(this)上动机一致，其中this指代空格内容，结合空格前一句“分数宽恕不过是大学回应消费者对高等教育期待的又一种方式”以及第四至六段内容“分数宽恕满足学生和大学双方的需求”可推知，空格处应介绍符合学生和大学共同利益的分数宽恕政策的相关内容。D.项指出尽量美化学生成绩符合大学和学生的利益(提升大学的名声形象和学生的就业竞争力)，是对空格前一句的具体说明，同时空格下文this指代该项to churn out graduates.…，D.能与上下文形成顺畅衔接。

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