1、In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but(1)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(2)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.(3)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.”(4)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

　　Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said： “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.”(5)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

　　参考答案： (1)他认为，或许正是这种(语言表达上的)困难迫使他长时间专注地思考每个句子，从而使他能够在推理和自己的观察中发现自己的错误，使他扬长避短。

　　(2)此外，他还断言自己深入理解冗长且完全抽象思维的能力有限，由此他曾深信自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

　　(3)另一方面，某些批评家指责他虽善于观察，但缺乏推理能力，对此，他并不接受且认为毫无根据。

　　(4)他谦虚地补充道，或许他“和普通人相比，更善于注意到那些容易被忽视的细节，并对其进行细致的观察”。

　　(5)达尔文确信，失去对音乐和绘画的兴趣不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会损伤智力，甚至可能导致道德品质的下降。

　　2、The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.(1)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.

　　If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(2)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.

　　(3)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.(4)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

　　Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(5)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

　　参考答案：(1)长久以来，法律学习在这些大学被视为律师们的专利，而不是受过教育的人所具备才智的必要组成部分。

　　(2)另一方面，它以一种方式把这些概念与日常生活联系起来，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是一样的。

　　(3)但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更加深刻地理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的既有惯例和特殊责任的理解。

　　(4)事实上，很难想象那些没有清楚地了解加拿大宪法基本特征的新闻记者如何能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

　　(5)尽管律师的见解和反应会提高新闻报道的质量，但记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的理解做出自己的判断。

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