[单选题]

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Prevailing wisdom always has us use teamwork as much as possible to face challenges head-on. The theory is that working in teams—especially those with different skillsets and backgrounds—sparks innovation， 1 flexibility，and leads to better outcomes. However， recent research suggests that maximizing teamwork often fails to 2 the results we expect ; in fact， in some cases， it 3 them.

　　The reality is that productive teamwork and collaboration are hard to 4 . Bringing together people with 5 expertise can potentially stall rather than 6 innovation， especially when 7 to an urgent need. Not to mention the larger， structural 8 that often leave team members jockeying for positions， making power grabs， and withholding information to protect their turf.

　　This is not to say we should throw teamwork 9 the window entirely. 10 ， we believe a change in mindset about how to best 11 it is needed to achieve the flexibility and resilience.

　　12 maximizing teamwork， research on what distinguishes flexible organizations suggests that we need to rightsize it. This means 13 what form and how much teamwork is needed at each stage of a project to get it done efficiently and effectively. Rightsizing teamwork requires 14 selecting the right people to contribute，at the right time.

　　15 this approach may 16 seem in conflict with goals of inclusivity， consideration， and respect—when done right， it can improve those things. 17 others when they are needed， 18 by default， is actually more respectful of the many people who are 19 from project overload and burnout. Rightsizing is not about minimizing inclusion. It’s about changing “teamwork” from a buzzword to an 20 practice that creates seamless companywide connections.

　　以下选项5题答案为()。

　　Alimited

　　Bindefinite

　　Cdiverse

　　Dsimilar

　　参考答案：C

　　[单选题]

　　Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English，for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England.In fact，the British Isles 1______ a variety of peoples，and only the people of England call themselves English.The others 2______ to themselves as Welsh，Scottish，or Irish，3______ the case may be;they are often slightly annoyed at being 4______ as “English” .

　　Even in England there are many 5______ in regional character and speech.The chief 6______ is between southern England and northern England.South of a 7______ going from Bristol to London，people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students，though there are local 8______.

　　Further north，regional speech is usually “9______” than that of southern Britain.Northerners are 10______ to claim that they work harder than Southerners，and are more 11______ They are openhearted and hospitable;foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12______.Northerners generally have hearty 13______ ：the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire，for instance，may look forward to receiving generous 14______ at meal times.

　　In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15______ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

　　In Scotland the sound 16______ by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound，and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17______ in southern English.The Scots are said to be a serious，cautious，thrifty people，18______ inventive and somewhat mystical.All the Celtic peoples of Britain ( the Welsh，the Irish，the Scots ) are frequently 19______ as being more “fiery” than the English.They are of a race that is quite 20______ from the English.

　　the British Isles 1______ a variety of peoples

　　Ainclude

　　Bexclude

　　Cenclose

　　Dcontain

　　参考答案：D

　　[单选题]

　　When people grow old，they become quite different from the young on thoughts.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives，1______ about the future.These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories，2______ is their purpose merely to make conversation.The old person’s recollections of the past help to 3______ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile ：4______ any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide 5______ to the future，the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners，that here was a life 6______ everyone to have a good living.7______，the memories form part of a continuing life 8______，in which the old person 9______ the events and experiences of the years gone by and 10______ on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.

　　As the life cycle 11______ to its close，the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending ( 即将发生的) death.Yet this task is made 12______ by the fact that death is almost a 13______ subject in the United States.The mere discussion of death is often regarded as 14______.As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are 15______ to think about it-and certainly not to talk about it in the 16______ of someone who is dying.Death has achieved this taboo 17______only in the modem industrial societies.There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to 18______ the idea of death.It is the very fact that death remains 19______ our control;it is almost the only one of the natural 20______ that is so.

　　Yet this task is made 12______

　　Anatural

　　Bbeneficial

　　Cunavoidable

　　Ddifficult

　　参考答案：D

　　[单选题]

　　Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English，for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England.In fact，the British Isles 1______ a variety of peoples，and only the people of England call themselves English.The others 2______ to themselves as Welsh，Scottish，or Irish，3______ the case may be;they are often slightly annoyed at being 4______ as “English” .

　　Even in England there are many 5______ in regional character and speech.The chief 6______ is between southern England and northern England.South of a 7______ going from Bristol to London，people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students，though there are local 8______.

　　Further north，regional speech is usually “9______” than that of southern Britain.Northerners are 10______ to claim that they work harder than Southerners，and are more 11______ They are openhearted and hospitable;foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12______.Northerners generally have hearty 13______ ：the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire，for instance，may look forward to receiving generous 14______ at meal times.

　　In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15______ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

　　In Scotland the sound 16______ by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound，and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17______ in southern English.The Scots are said to be a serious，cautious，thrifty people，18______ inventive and somewhat mystical.All the Celtic peoples of Britain ( the Welsh，the Irish，the Scots ) are frequently 19______ as being more “fiery” than the English.They are of a race that is quite 20______ from the English.

　　In Scotland the sound 16______ by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound

　　Adelivered

　　Bdenoted

　　Cdepicted

　　Ddefined

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]

　　Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language.It is also the variety which is normally 1______ by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 2______ situations.The difference between standard and nonstandard，it should be noted，has 3______ in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 4______;standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.

　　5______，the standard variety of English is based on the London 6______ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted from the removal of the Court from Winchester to London.This dialect became the one 7______ by the educated，and it was developed and 8______ as a model，or norm，for wider and wider segments of society.It was also the 9______ that was carried overseas，but not one unaffected by such export.Today，10______ English is 11______ to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used;12______ among local standards is really quite minor，13______ the Singapore，South Africa，and Irish varieties are really very 14______ different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 15______.Indeed，Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 16______ on all local varieties，to the extent that many of long 17______ dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 18______.This latter situation is not 19______ to English ：it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 20______ .But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national，even supranational (跨国的) ones.

　　It is also the variety which is normally 1______

　　Asaid

　　Btold

　　Ctalked

　　Dspoken

　　参考答案：D

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