[单选题]

　　College sports in the United States are a huge deal.Almost all major American universities have football，baseball，basketball and hockey programs，1______ and millions of dollars each year to sports.Most of them earn millions 2______ as well，in television revenues，sponsorships.They also benefit 3______ from the added publicity they get via their teams.Big-name universities 4______ against each other in the most popular sports.Football games at Michigan regularly 5______ crowds of over 90，000.Basketball’s national collegiate championship game is a TV 6______ on a par with (与……相同或相似) any other sporting event in the United States，7______ perhaps the Super Bowl itself.At any given time during fall or winter one can 8______ one’s TV set and see the top athletic programs from schools like Michigan，UCLA，Duke and Stanford 9______ in front of packed houses and national TV audiences.

　　The athletes themselves are 10______ and provided with scholarships.College coaches identify 11______ teenagers and then go into high schools to 12______ the country’s best players to attend their universities.There are strict rules about 13______ coaches can recruit-no recruiting calls after 9 p.m.，only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent and sometimes 14______. Top college football programs 15______ scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year，and those student athletes，when they arrive at campus，16______ free housing，tuition，meals，books，etc.

　　In return，the players 17______ themselves to the program in their sport.Football players at top colleges work out two hours a day，four days a week from January to April.summer，it’s back to 18______ and agility training four days a week until mid-August，when camp 19______ and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins 20______.During the season，practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday.Saturday is game day.Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

　　They also benefit 3______ from the added publicity they get via their teams.

　　Adirectly

　　Bindirectly

　　Cgradually

　　Doccasionally

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]

　　Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

　　The steady quest for knowledge gives scientists the exceptional privilege of being able to answer “I do not know” when asked a difficult question.They do not need to pretend knowing more than they 1 do， and their success is not 2 by the number of likes they get on social media.Other professional disciplines， such as business，politics or religion， do not 3 an empty answer and do not allow frank transactions of this type.

　　But scientists can 4 a full salary while admitting that they do not know what most of the universe is made of， 5 they have no 6 about the nature of dark matter and dark energy.In the commercial or political world， they would have been denied pay 7 they projected an image of at least pretending to know 8 they are talking about.

　　This unusual privilege 9 the understanding that science is work in progress，in which our understanding is 10 .Research into the unknown 11 involves careless mistakes.

　　We educate ourselves by finding 12 between our preconceptions and experimental data.

　　13 ， the humility accompanying our never-ending learning experience is sometimes forgotten 14 arrogance by scientists who 15 about preliminary accomplishments and promote their egos by declaring victory 16 while assuming the end of inquiry.

　　Nature is under no obligation to adhere to the 17 of our imagination.There is no end to our 18 of knowledge.And like Maui， which is situated in the Pacific Ocean，the body of our scientific knowledge is 19 a small island in a vast ocean of ignorance.Scientific research aims to expand the landmass of that island 20 the unlimited horizon which lies ahead.

　　以下选项2题答案为()。

　　Aguaranteed

　　Bblocked

　　Cmeasured

　　Dcharacterized

　　参考答案：C

　　[单选题]

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Prevailing wisdom always has us use teamwork as much as possible to face challenges head-on. The theory is that working in teams—especially those with different skillsets and backgrounds—sparks innovation， 1 flexibility，and leads to better outcomes. However， recent research suggests that maximizing teamwork often fails to 2 the results we expect ; in fact， in some cases， it 3 them.

　　The reality is that productive teamwork and collaboration are hard to 4 . Bringing together people with 5 expertise can potentially stall rather than 6 innovation， especially when 7 to an urgent need. Not to mention the larger， structural 8 that often leave team members jockeying for positions， making power grabs， and withholding information to protect their turf.

　　This is not to say we should throw teamwork 9 the window entirely. 10 ， we believe a change in mindset about how to best 11 it is needed to achieve the flexibility and resilience.

　　12 maximizing teamwork， research on what distinguishes flexible organizations suggests that we need to rightsize it. This means 13 what form and how much teamwork is needed at each stage of a project to get it done efficiently and effectively. Rightsizing teamwork requires 14 selecting the right people to contribute，at the right time.

　　15 this approach may 16 seem in conflict with goals of inclusivity， consideration， and respect—when done right， it can improve those things. 17 others when they are needed， 18 by default， is actually more respectful of the many people who are 19 from project overload and burnout. Rightsizing is not about minimizing inclusion. It’s about changing “teamwork” from a buzzword to an 20 practice that creates seamless companywide connections.

　　以下选项13题答案为()。

　　Aconsidering

　　Bdiscarding

　　Cignoring

　　Drecalling

　　参考答案：A

　　[单选题]

　　Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language.It is also the variety which is normally 1______ by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 2______ situations.The difference between standard and nonstandard，it should be noted，has 3______ in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 4______;standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.

　　5______，the standard variety of English is based on the London 6______ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted from the removal of the Court from Winchester to London.This dialect became the one 7______ by the educated，and it was developed and 8______ as a model，or norm，for wider and wider segments of society.It was also the 9______ that was carried overseas，but not one unaffected by such export.Today，10______ English is 11______ to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used;12______ among local standards is really quite minor，13______ the Singapore，South Africa，and Irish varieties are really very 14______ different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 15______.Indeed，Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 16______ on all local varieties，to the extent that many of long 17______ dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 18______.This latter situation is not 19______ to English ：it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 20______ .But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national，even supranational (跨国的) ones.

　　10______ English

　　Aformal

　　Bcolloquial

　　Cnonstandard

　　Dstandard

　　参考答案：D

　　[单选题]

　　Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English，for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England.In fact，the British Isles 1______ a variety of peoples，and only the people of England call themselves English.The others 2______ to themselves as Welsh，Scottish，or Irish，3______ the case may be;they are often slightly annoyed at being 4______ as “English” .

　　Even in England there are many 5______ in regional character and speech.The chief 6______ is between southern England and northern England.South of a 7______ going from Bristol to London，people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students，though there are local 8______.

　　Further north，regional speech is usually “9______” than that of southern Britain.Northerners are 10______ to claim that they work harder than Southerners，and are more 11______ They are openhearted and hospitable;foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12______.Northerners generally have hearty 13______ ：the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire，for instance，may look forward to receiving generous 14______ at meal times.

　　In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15______ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

　　In Scotland the sound 16______ by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound，and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17______ in southern English.The Scots are said to be a serious，cautious，thrifty people，18______ inventive and somewhat mystical.All the Celtic peoples of Britain ( the Welsh，the Irish，the Scots ) are frequently 19______ as being more “fiery” than the English.They are of a race that is quite 20______ from the English.

　　Northerners are 10______ to claim that they work harder than Southerners

　　Aused

　　Bapt

　　Cpossible

　　Dprobable

　　参考答案：B

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