[单选题]

　　Google already owns the biggest search engine， the most popular video-streaming site (YouTube)，the biggest mobile operating system (Android) and the dominant e-mail service (Gmail).All of these feed a digital-advertising business that generated $ 135 billion of sales last year.Do we really want to add Fitbit’s fitness tracking to its armory?

　　A coalition of 20 organizations on Thursday urged antitrust authorities in the European Union， the U.S.and five other jurisdictions to scrutinize the takeover more closely.The EU plans to rule on the deal by July 20， although it may extend the probe if needed.

　　The problem is that Google’s dominance in one market—digital advertising—isn’t necessarily enough， from an antitrust perspective， to block a deal in another sector.Google doesn’t currently make a health tracker or smartwatch.As such， it doesn’t compete with Fitbit.It isn’t trying to consolidate the market or cut the number of rivals.Indeed， a better capitalized Fitbit might improve competition in a smartwatch market dominated by Apple Inc.

　　But this deal isn’t really about hardware sales.The value from the acquisition is in the data that Fitbit is accumulating on all of its users.Knowing how far， how often and where people walk， run， cycle or swim every day could help advertisers， health insurers， city planners and plenty more besides.While Google is unlikely to sell that information directly to advertisers， it would help it build more complete advertising profiles of its users.In that sense， the fitness tracker market isn’t separate from Google’s dominant ad-tech business.It could feed it， extending its dominance.

　　With that in mind， regulators could impose restrictions while still clearing the deal.Aitor Ortiz， a Bloomberg Intelligence analyst， expects behavioral remedies will be imposed.That could mean Google promising not to merge Fitbit data with other user info without explicit consent.

　　For those alarmed about Alphabet hoarding even more of our personal data， these promises probably won’t be enough.A stronger remedy would be to prohibit Google from ever extracting fitness information from a user’s devices.Google insists that it wants Fitbit anyway， even without being able to farm its data.If that’s true， then it shouldn’t have any complaint about such a restriction.The purchase would still give it an entree to the ever-​burgeoning smartwatch market.

　　This is an important test case that will be hard for regulators to get right.Past attempts at imposing behavioral remedies on the tech giants have failed： Facebook Inc.told Brussels back in 2014 that it wasn’t technically possible to merge its data with those of WhatsApp， but then it went ahead and did it anyway ， accepting a paltry 110 million-euro fine for breaking its agreement.Google tends to be better-behaved than Facebook ， but its deep pockets give it a lot of power.

　　Given the risks， the easiest solution might just be to block the Fitbit deal outright.But that would be legally harder to justify.

　　Which of the following can be inferred from the text?______.

　　AThe Fitbit deal will promote competition rather than creating monopoly.

　　BThe EU will have to extend the probe of the Fitbit deal.

　　CThe most sensible solution is to block the Fitbit deal outright.

　　DThere need to be guarantees on not extracting data from Fitbit devices.

　　参考答案：D

　　[单选题]

　　They are falling like dominoes.Executives caught behaving badly might once have been slapped on the wrist.Today they are shown the door.On July 19th Paramount Television fired its president， Amy Powell， over reports of insensitive comments about race.This is only the latest bigwig to go in a line of departures linked to u “personal misconduct”.“Boards are now holding executives to higher standards， looking not just at how they treat people but also how they talk to and about them，” says Pam Jeffords of Mercer， a consultancy.

　　The thread connecting these incidents is that all are about perceptions of executive integrity， and by extension， trust.Since trust violations are particularly hard for firms to overcome， often more so than incompetence， firms may believe that firing an errant executive can be the safest， most pragmatic course of action.

　　Executives were never all angels.What has changed is that boards are now far less willing to overlook bad behaviour for the sake of superior performance.A 2017 report from PwC， a professional-​services firm， found that the share of chief-executive dismissals that were due to ethical lapses increased between 2007-11 and 2012-2016， not because bosses were behaving worse but because they were held more accountable.

　　Boards seem to be acting thus for two reasons.First， to protect employees and create a safe and inclusive work environment.Second， to protect their brands' reputations.A 2016 study from researchers at Stanford showed that the fallout from chief executives behaving badly， but not unlawfully， was large and lasting.On average each of the 38 incidents studied garnered 250 news stories， with media attention lasting 4.9 years.Shares usually suffered， though not always.And in a third of cases firms faced further damage， including loss of major clients and federal investigations.

　　Should an executive's words be judged as harshly as their actions? From the perspective of protecting the brand， as well as discouraging a toxic work environment， they probably should.The power of social media to turn a whispered comment into a Twitterstorm， and the fact that everyone now has a mobile recording device， demands a decisive response.

　　But boards and the media also risk rushing to judgment and painting the wicked with too broad a brush.An insensitive remark made long ago or as a one-off is not the same as one made as the face of the firm or as part of a consistent pattern.Disney's firing of James Gunn， a director， last week over tweets from a decade ago， before he was hired and for which he has apologised， seems to be one instance in which such distinctions have been papered over.And plenty of companies benefit from environments where people can speak openly and brainstorm out loud.

　　Once the fallen dominos have been counted， some firms may turn out to have been too gung-ho in responding to the “Weinstein effect”.Many， perhaps most， exits will be justified.But all?

　　Boards today value most executives' ______.

　　Acommunication skills

　　Bprofessional competence

　　Cmoral integrity

　　Dloyalty to the company

　　参考答案：C

　　[单选题]

　　For years， if not decades， banks， post office and pubs have been disappearing on the British high street.Still， the scale and pace of the current crop of casualties seems exceptional， as well as the shortage of replacement activities.Where once the ex-banks could be readily converted into pubs， and a variety of often innovative bars and restaurants promised to breathe life into streets abandoned by traditional shops， now even those hopeful trends have been reversed.The various companies have widely varied reasons for their problems， yet together they symbolise the crisis on the high street.And the word“crisis” is justified.

　　There are common， and familiar， problems.The squeeze on household incomes， with near-stagnant wage levels and bouts of relatively high inflation， has lasted since the financial crisis began a decade ago.Even with the British shopper's ingenious way of defying financial logic， and despite the Bank of England's attempts to put cheap money into borrowers， pockets， sooner or later there was bound to be a correction.

　　While the money flowing into the high street has hardly risen， the supply of everything from cupcake stands to sandwich outlets has been expanding， pushing rents and wages higher.Huge retail developments are still looked on by desperate development agencies and local councils as the quick fix for any devastated post-industrial landscape.Once again， sooner or later this vast overcapacity was going to run into the reality of weak demand.No matter how smart the store or niche the outlet， when overheads aren't being covered by healthy sales， the future is bleak.

　　Overarching all of that， however， is the digital revolution， with giants such as Amazon invading new retail sectors.Less well advertised is the simple trend among the British towards entertaining and making the most of their leisure time in their very expensive homes.Why go to a public house or a restaurant when your private house is just as entertaining and where virtually any pastime or product can be transmitted via satellite， web or cable technology， and a cheap takeaway delivery and a bottle of wine are just a couple of clicks away?

　　Britain famously was once disparaged as “nation of shopkeepers”， small-minded merchants with narrow cultural and political horizons.Then the British became notorious as a “nation of shoppers”， small-minded consumers with narrow cultural and political horizons， as well as an almost reckless taste for debt and disregard for saving for the future.Now the British are becoming a nation of home-lovers， with pizzas arriving by moped and with a wireless hub for cosy nights in.For the sake of the high street， we need to get out more： either that， or local councils need to think hard about allowing more shops to be converted into flats.Then the British could become a nation of ex-shop dwellers， even if their cultural and political horizons remain as narrow as ever.

　　Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　APost-industrial Britain， Requiring a Quick Fix

　　BThe British High Street， Hanging on the Cliff

　　CThe Great Britain， a Nation of Home-lovers

　　DThe Local Councils， a Terminator of High Street

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]

　　Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deepening into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. The journalism credibility is on the level of trust journalism. Through this investigation, they hope to find out the reason why many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers.

　　41.______

　　Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

　　42.______

　　But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

　　43.______

　　There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

　　44.______

　　Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

　　45.______

　　Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

　　This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

　　请写出45题正确答案。

　　ADifferent life styles of reporters and common people

　　BFindings of journalism credibility project

　　CRoot of distrust of the news media

　　DDistrust in other industries

　　EReporters as social and cultural elite

　　FReporting standard templates may being a source of distrust

　　GSocial and cultural disconnect between journalists and readers

　　参考答案：C

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