[单选题]

　　第41题应该填()。

　　AWhen it comes to academics, students who we would consider pragmatic tend not to pursue an education for its own sake.Instead, they tend to cut whatever comers are needed to optimize their grade average and survive the current academic term.But, is this approach the only way to succeed academically? Certainly not.Students who earnestly pursue intellectual paths that truly interest them are more likely to come away with a meaningful and lasting education.In fact, a sense of mission about one’s area of fascination is strong motivation te participate actively in class and to study earnestly, both of which contribute to better grades in that area.Thus although the idealist-student might sacrifice a high overall grade average, the depth of knowledge, academic discipline, and sense of purpose the student gains will serve that student well later in life

　　BMeeting one's immediate needs, while arguably necessary for short-term survival, accomplishes little without a sense of mission, a vision, or a dream for the long term.

　　C“In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political-the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view.Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.”

　　DI agree with the speaker insofar as that a practical, pragmatic approach toward our endeavors can help us survive in the short-term.However, idealism is just as crucial-if not more so-for long-term success in any endeavor, whether it be in academics, business, or political and social reform.

　　EWhat about the business world? After all, isn’t business fundamentally about pragmatism-that is, "getting the job done" and paying attention to the "bottom line"? Emphatically, no Admittedly, the everyday machinations of business are very much about meeting mundane short-term goals:deadlines for production, sales quotas, profit margins, and so forth.Yet underpinning these activities is the vision of the company's chief executive-a vision that might extend far beyond mere profit maximization to the ways in which the firm can make a lasting and meaningful contribution to the community, to the broader economy, and to the society as a whole.without a dream or vision that is, without strong idealist leadership-a firm can easily be cast about in the sea of commerce without clear direction, threatening not only the firm’s bottom line but also its very survival.

　　FMost politicians seem driven by their interest in being elected and reelected-that is, in surviving-rather than by any sense of mission, or even obligation to their constituency country.Diplomatic and legal maneuverings and negotiations often appear intended to meet the practical needs of the parties involved-minimizing costs, preserving options, and so forth.But, it is idealists-not pragmatists-who sway the masses, incite revolutions, and make political ideology reality.

　　GConsider idealists such as America's founders, Gandhi, or Martin Luther King.Had these idealists concerned themselves with short-term survival and immediate needs rather than with their notions of an ideal society, the United States and India might still be British colonies, and African Americans might still be relegated to the backs of buses.

　　参考答案：C

　　[单选题]

　　Health care system has become a hot topic around the world recently，especially in America.Most people would be 1______ by the high quality of medicine 2______ to most Americans.There is a lot of specialization，a great deal of 3______ to the individual，a 4______ amount of advanced technical equipment，and 5______ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 6______ in the courts if they 7______ things badly.

　　But the Americans are in a mess.The problem is the way 8______ health care is organized and 9______ .Contrary to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system.The private system has been joined by a large 10______ system，because private care was simply not 11______ the less fortunate and the elderly.

　　But 12______ with this huge public part of the system，which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollar-more than 10 percent of the U.S.Budget-large numbers of Americans are left out.These 13______ about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income 14______ by the government trying to make savings where it can.

　　The basic problem，however，is that there is no central control 15______ the health system.There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services，16______ what the public is able to pay.The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed.When faced with toothache，a sick child，or a heart attack，all the unfortunate persons 17______ can do is paying up.Two thirds of the population are 18______ by medical insurance.Doctors charge as much as they want 19______ that the insurance company will pay the bill.

　　The rising cost of medicine in the U.S. is among the most worrying problems 20______ the country. In 1981 the country’s health bill climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general.

　　These 13______

　　Acontain

　　Binclude

　　Cinvolve

　　Dexclude

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]

　　Even plans can run a fever，especially when they are under attack by insects or disease.But 1______ humans，plants can have their temperature 2______ from 3000 feet away-straight up.A decade ago，3______ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley 4______ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to 5______ which ones are under stress.The goal was to let farmers 6______ target pesticide spraying 7______ rain poison on a whole field，which 8______ include plants that don't have the pest problem.

　　Even better，Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became 9______ to the eye.10______ on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops.The data were 11______ into a color-coded map showing 12______ plants were running“fevers”.Farmers could then spot spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they 13______ would.

　　The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984，after only three years.Farmers 14______

　　the new technology and long-term backers were hard to 15______.But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce，and refinements in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to16______ into operation.Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works.“This technique can be 17______ to 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，”says George Oerther of Texas A&M.Ray Jackson，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks 18______ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade.But 19______ Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to 20______ 10 years ago.

　　Farmers 14______

　　Apersisted in

　　Bresisted

　　Cinsisted on

　　Dassisted

　　参考答案：B

　　[单选题]

　　On April 20，2000，in Accra，the capital of Ghana，the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003，as the first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004.The six countries 1______ themselves to 2______ central bank financing of budget deficits to 10 percent of the previous years government 3______;reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003，and attacking the budget deficit and other economic problems;creating a Convergence Council to help 4______ macroeconomic policies，which must be the foundation of a stable financial system;and 5______ up a common central bank，with the purpose of actively supporting the expansion of domestic demand.Their declaration 6______ that ：“The experiences of any particular country are even less applicable to a monetary union.Member States 7______ the need for8______ political commitment and undertake to 9______ all such national policies as would 10______ the regional monetary integration process.”

　　The 11______ a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization，going back to its formation in 1975，and is intended to 12______ broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and 13______ institutions.In the colonial period，currency boards 14______ sets of countries in the region.On independence，15______，these currency boards were dissolved，with the 16______ of the CFA franc zone，which included the francophone countries of the region. 17______ there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation，political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to 18______ inhibited progress.Although some problems remain，the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional 19______ in Nigeria，the largest economy of the region，raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20______.

　　raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be 20______.

　　Arevived

　　Brenewed

　　Crestored

　　Drefreshed

　　参考答案：A

　　[单选题]

　　Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language.It is also the variety which is normally 1______ by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other 2______ situations.The difference between standard and nonstandard，it should be noted，has 3______ in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 4______;standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.

　　5______，the standard variety of English is based on the London 6______ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted from the removal of the Court from Winchester to London.This dialect became the one 7______ by the educated，and it was developed and 8______ as a model，or norm，for wider and wider segments of society.It was also the 9______ that was carried overseas，but not one unaffected by such export.Today，10______ English is 11______ to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used;12______ among local standards is really quite minor，13______ the Singapore，South Africa，and Irish varieties are really very 14______ different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 15______.Indeed，Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 16______ on all local varieties，to the extent that many of long 17______ dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 18______.This latter situation is not 19______ to English ：it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 20______ .But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national，even supranational (跨国的) ones.

　　11______ to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used

　　Acommunicated

　　Bcirculated

　　Carranged

　　Dmodified

　　参考答案：C

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