Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 1 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” 2 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. ­One should be wary, however, of 3 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 4 to others. Examination of factors related to the 5 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 6 .

　　The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 7 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 8 , and thus there was some 9 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 10 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 11 distraction to other readers.

　　Towards the end of the century there was still 12 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 13 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 14 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 15 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 16 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 17 readership on the other.

　　By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 18 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 19 what the term “reading” 20 .

　　1.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western

　　2.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly

　　3.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming

　　4.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure

　　5.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian

　　6.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness

　　7.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature

　　8.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded

　　9.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink

　　10.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret

　　11.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize

　　12.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate

　　13.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively

　　14.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically

　　15.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever

　　16.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished

　　17.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized

　　18.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or

　　19.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered

　　20.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied

　　参考答案：

　　CADBA BCBCA

　　AACCB ADBDD

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