2022年考研英语基础练习及答案(十二)
来源 :中华考试网 2021-01-06
中Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. It's easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely 1 in American culture and easily. 2 . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. 3 are drinking younger and more frequently than 4 , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single 5 , according to a recent survey. Among those younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among 6 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks.
Young people almost always begin drinking because of 7 .pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and 8 in the group. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alcoholic 9 . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking 10 , 25 percent admit to drinking when 11 and 25 percent admit to drinking to get" 12 ."
This is a 13 , serious problem 14 college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard University's School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college 15 study and found about two of every five college students 16 in binge drinking. 17 binge drinkers at college were 22 times more 18 than non-binge drinkers to have problems, 19 missed classes, falling behind in school work, getting in trouble or hurt and engaging in 20 sexual activity.
1. [A] received [B] accepted [C] acknowledged [D] admitted
2. [A] accountable [B] achievable [C] accessible [D] agreeable
3. [A] Teenagers [B] Grown-ups [C] Children [D] Adults
4.[A]predominantly [B] preferentially [C] previously [D] precisely
5. [A] occasion [B] event [C] situation [D] gathering
6. [A] these [B] those [C] which [D] whom
7. [A] pear [B] peel [C] peer [D] pool
8. [A] improved [B] included [C] inspired [D] instructed
9. [A] beers [B] whiskies [C] beverages [D] wines
10. [A] alone [B] along [C] aloud [D] aloof
11. [A] bored [B] boring [C] excited [D] exciting
12. [A] low [B] high [C] cool [D] warm
13. [A] dead [B] death [C] deadening [D] deadly
14. [A] of [B] in [C] on [D] about
15. [A] alcohol [B] alcoholic [C] alcoholism [D] alcoholization
16. [A] endeavor [B] engage [C] insist [D] practise
17. [A] Consequent [B] Subsequent [C] Incident [D] Frequent
18. [A] possible [B] lively [ C] likely [D] feasible
19. [A] known as [B] remembered as [C] much as [D] such as
20.[A] unperceived [B] unplaced [C] unplanned [D] undiscovered
参考答案:
1. 【答案】B
【解析】receive是“收到,得到,对(建议、想法或消息)作出反应,回应”,received作为形容词,意思是“被普遍接受的,公认的”,但它只能用在名词前,accept是“(认为正确而加以)接受”,acknowledge是“承认,报偿”,admit是“承认,赞同”。根据词义,这里选B,这句话的意思是:“对成人来说,喝酒是合法的,在美国文化里被广泛接受。”
2. 【答案】C
【解析】accountable是“负有责任的,应作解释的,可解释的”,achievable是“可完成的,做得成的”,accessible是“可(或易)使用的,可(或易)得到的”,agreeable是“令人愉快的,惬意的”。如果这道题在选择时有一定难度,看看后面那句话就知道该怎么选了。后面那句话说:“很多孩子在自己的家里就能拿到酒。”也就是说,酒是很容易得到的,所以这里选C。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】teenager是“(13―19岁的)青少年”,grown-up是“成年人”,children是“小孩,儿童”,adult是“成年人”。根据上下文,这里填“成年人”显然不合适,A、C两个选项中,A更加合适,因为这句话后面提到了aroundagel3,而13岁正好是teenagers的起始年龄。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】predominantly是“占主导地位地,占优势地,普遍地”,preferentially是“优先地,优待地”,previously是“先前,以前”,precisely是“精确地,精密地,严格地”。根据句子的意思,这里应该选previously,这是就目前的情况和以前做比较,所以答案是C。
5. 【答案】A
【解析】occasion是“时刻,场合,重大(或特殊)活动,盛会”,event是“发生的事情,事件,大事,社交场合”,situation是“情况,处境,形势,局面”,gathering是“集会,聚会”,空格前的介词是on,只有occasion能与其搭配,因此答案是A。
6. 【答案】B
【解析】which和whom是关系代词,引导定语从句,前面要有先行词,而空格前没有先行词,所以首先排除,作为指示代词,these和those在用法上的区别是those后面可以加上who引导的定语从句,修饰those,意思是“…的人们”,但these没有这种用法,所以选B,among those 21andolder其实是“amongthosewhoare21andolder”的省略形式。
7. 【答案】C
【解析】pear是“梨”,peel是“剥,削”,peer是“同龄人,同辈”,pool是“水池,游泳池”。从句子的意思可以判断这里选peer,因此答案是C。这句话的意思是:“年轻人开始喝酒几乎总是出于同龄人的压力。”
8. 【答案】B
【解析】improve是“改善,改进”,include是“包括,包含,把…算入”,inspire是“鼓舞,激发”,instruct是“教导,指示”。空格所填单词应该和accepted是并列的,所以选B。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】beer是“啤酒”,whisky是“威士忌酒”,beverage是“饮料”,wine是“葡萄酒,酒”。除了beverage,其它三个选项都是酒的种类,前面不能用alcoholic修饰,所以答案是C。
10. 【答案】A
【解析】alone是“单独地,孤独地”,along是“纵长地,平行地,向前”,aloud是“出声地,大声地”,aloof是“在(眼力能及的)距离上,游离在外,冷漠超然地”。从这句话的结构可以看出,这句话所列的是一系列调查结果,即年轻人在什么情况下喝酒,所以这里选A。
11. 【答案】A
【解析】bored是“感到厌烦的,感到无聊的”,boring是“令人厌烦的,乏味的,无聊的”,excited是“激动的,兴奋的”,exciting是“刺激的,使人激动的”。第二段第一句话说年轻人开始喝酒几乎总是出于同龄人的压力,他们在心情不好的时候喝酒,所以选择A。
12. 【答案】B
【解析】low是“不高兴的,情绪低落的”,high是“高兴的,兴奋的”,cool是“冷静的,沉着的”,warm是“暖和的,温暖的”。low和cool可以首先排除,再看前面的几种情况都是与情绪有关的,所以选择B。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】从空格的位置和前后词语可以判断,空格里要填的是一个形容词,它和serious共同修饰problem,那么,death和deadening(“减弱,消音,消音材料”)这两个名词都可以排除,而dead与problem不能搭配,所以正确答案是deadly,意思是“致命的,‘极有害的”,选D。
14. 【答案】C
【解析】campus前面的固定介词是on,所以答案是C。
15. 【答案】A
【解析】alcohol是“酒精,酒”,alcoholic是“酒精中毒病人,嗜酒者”,alcoholism是“酗酒,酒精中毒”,alcoholization是“醇化”。空格要填的名词作为study(研究)的定语,根据上下文应该选alcohol,这是一个关于大学生饮酒的研究,答案是A。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】endeavor是“努力,尽力,竭力做到”,后面加不定式,engage能和in搭配,表示“从事,参与”,insist后面可以加on或者upon,意思是“坚持,一定要”,practise不能跟in构成短语。binge drinking是指“狂饮作乐”,根据这几个动词的用法判断,只有engage能和in搭配,因此B是正确答案。
17. 【答案】D
【解析】consequent是“作为结果的,随之发生的”,subsequent是“后来的,随后的”,incident是“容易发生的,伴随而来的”,frequent是“经常的,时常发生的”。四个选项中能和后面的binge drinkers搭配的只有frequent,意思是“经常狂饮作乐的人”,因此选D。
18. 【答案】C
【解析】possible是“可能的,有可能做到的”,lively是“充满活力的,活泼的”,likely是“可能的,有倾向的”,feasible是“可行的,合理的”。lively和feasible可首先排除,possible最常用的结构是It is possible (for sb. ) to do sth. ,而这句话的主语是frequent college drinkers,所以选C。
19. 【答案】D
【解析】这个空格后面的四个并列成份是对前面problems的展开说明,举了四个例子,所以答案是D。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】unperceived是“未被察觉的,未被注意到的”,unplaced是“未得到安置的”,unplanned是“未经筹划的,无计划的”,undiscovered是“未被发现(或发觉)的”。首先排除unplaced,A、D选项意思相近,都是干扰选项,因此答案是C。