教师招聘考试英语学科备考资料:动词
来源 :中华考试网 2017-08-24
中动词历来都是各种英语考试考察的重中之重,围绕动词考察的考点相当多,比如动词的时态和语态,非谓语动词,虚拟语气等知识点。要想解决这类动词的试题,首要的任务是明确英语中的动词种类以及各种动词的用法。英语的动词主要分为四类:实义动词、助动词、系动词及情态动词。
一、系动词
(一)系动词的分类
一是(be)
五觉(feel, smell, sound, taste,look)
三保持(keep, remain, stay)
看起来像两个(seem, appear)
变成了五个(become, grow, turn, get, go)
结果却只有两个(prove, turn out)
系动词的考点:1.意思相近的系动词与实义动词的辨析;系动词+表语(n/adj);2.系动词无被动语态无进行时。
【例】1. The hot weather will last for 3 days.
The weather will stay hot for 3days.(stay后必须跟形容词做表语)
2. The food _____ very delicious.
A. taste B. is tasting C. tasted D. is tasted
【解析】taste为系动词,无被动态和进行时,因此选择C。
二、实义动词
(一)分类:vt(及物动词)、vi(不及物动词)
Vt.+宾语 The man visited his school.(visit为及物动词)
Vi. The sun rises. (rise为不及物动词)
(二)实义动词的考察主要还是考察近义的动词和动词词组的辨析以及动词的短语搭配
【例】1.I can ________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A.come up with B.put up with C.turn to D.stick to
解析:本题主要考察动词短语辨析,根据句意,选择B。
2.Mary, I ________John of his promise to help you.
A.told B.reminded C.warned D.advised
解析:根据句意及动词短语搭配,选择B。
三、情态动词
情态动词的基本用法和情态动词表示推测的用法之间的比较是常考点,同时也是一个易错点。同时情态动词与虚拟语气之间的区别也是学生的易错点之一。下面将情态动词的易错点分析如下:
1.must的肯定与否定形式
You must(必须)finish your homework in the evening.
You mustn’t(不准)come in if I don’t ask you.
He must be our English teacher. (表示推测,一定是.....)
He can’t be our English teacher. (表示推测,一定不是.....)
【注意】表示推测时,must的否定形式是can’t。
2.must与may表示推测时的比较
He must be our English teacher. Because I saw him yesterday.
当句子中出现because或I’m sure时,用must be
I’m not sure he may be in the classroom.
当句子中出现not sure或afraid时,用may be
3.You ________ with me when you travelled in the USA, but you live in the hotel.
A.must have lived B. could have lived C. mustn’t have lived D. should have lived
解析:must have done, can’t have done, couldn’t have done, may have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟;should have done, shouldn’t have done, could have done, needn’t have done 表示虚拟。根据句意:你本来可以跟我一起住的,但是你却住酒店了。可以得到正确答案是B。
4.He doesn’t studied hard. He _____ have passed the exam.
A. may B. should C. must D. can
解析:should的特殊用法,表示“竟然”。因此选B。
5.The money _____be divided into five parts according to the agreement, the judge said.
A. must B. shall C. should D. may
解析:shall 用于第二,第三人称,表示警告、命令、威胁与允诺。因此选择B。