2018年3月15日雅思阅读考试回忆及解析

　　一、 考试概述：

　　本次考试的文章两篇新题一篇旧题，第一篇讲的是中国的茶如何传到西方的，第二篇主要介绍了纳米科技，第三篇是一篇旧题，介绍学校传统的对science的教育受到批判，引出另外两种方法，并解释对比各自优劣。本次考试填空题和判断题依然是重点考题，其中三篇文章都考到的填空题是重中之重，考生们平时备考时要加大练习量。

　　二、具体题目分析

　　Passage 1：

　　题目：How tea come to the west

　　题型：填空题7+判断题6

　　新旧程度：新题

　　文章大意：茶起源于中国，后因为贸易和传教士带入欧洲，刚开始只有有钱人可以喝，后来随着税减少，市场更规范

　　参考文章：

　　暂无(可参考剑10T2P1: Tea and the Industrial Revolution)

　　参考答案：暂无

　　Passage 2：

　　题目: Nanotechnology: the science of being small

　　题型：填空题3+信息匹配题6+多选题4

　　新旧程度：新题

　　文章大意：介绍纳米科技以及纳米科技在各个领域的运用

　　参考文章：

　　An Introduction to Nanotechnology

　　Nanotechnology is defined as the study and use of structures between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size. To give you an idea of how small that is, it would take eight hundred 100 nanometer particles side by side to match the width of a human hair. While this is the most common definition of nanotechnology researchers with various focuses have slightly different definitions.

　　Scientists have been studying and working with nanoparticles for centuries, but the effectiveness of their work has been hampered by their inability to see the structure of nanoparticles. In recent decades the development of microscopes capable of displaying particles as small as atoms has allowed scientists to see what they are working with.

　　Now that you have an idea of how small a scale nanotechnologists work with, consider the challenge they face. Think about how difficult it is for many of us to insert thread through the eye of a needle. Such an image helps you imagine the problem scientists have working with nanoparticles that can be as much as one millionth the size of the thread. Only through the use of powerful microscopes can they hope to ‘see’ and manipulate these nano-sized particles.

　　The ability to see nano-sized materials has opened up a world of possibilities in a variety of industries and scientific endeavors. Because nanotechnology is essentially a set of techniques that allow manipulation of properties at a very small scale, it can have many applications, such as the ones listed below.

　　Drug delivery. Today, most harmful side effects of treatments such as chemotherapy are a result of drug delivery methods that don't pinpoint their intended target cells accurately. Researchers at Harvard and MIT have been able to attach special RNA strands, measuring about 10 nm in diameter, to nanoparticles and fill the nanoparticles with a chemotherapy drug. These RNA strands are attracted to cancer cells. When the nanoparticle encounters a cancer cell it adheres to it and releases the drug into the cancer cell. This directed method of drug delivery has great potential for treating cancer patients while producing less side harmful effects than those produced by conventional chemotherapy.

　　Fabrics. The properties of familiar materials are being changed by manufacturers who are adding nano-sized components to conventional materials to improve performance. For example, some clothing manufacturers are making water and stain repellent clothing using nano-sized whiskers in the fabric that cause water to bead up on the surface.

　　Reactivity of Materials. The properties of many conventional materials change when formed as nano-sized particles (nanoparticles). This is generally because nanoparticles have a greater surface area per weight than larger particles; they are therefore more reactive to some other molecules. For example, studies have shown that nanoparticles of iron can be effective in the cleanup of chemicals in groundwater because they react more efficiently to those chemicals than larger iron particles.

　　There are many different points of view about the nanotechnology. These differences start with the definition of nanotechnology. Some define it as any activity that involves manipulating materials between one nanometer and 100 nanometers. However, the original definition of nanotechnology involved building machines at the molecular scale and involves the manipulation of materials on an atomic (about two-tenths of a nanometer) scale.

　　The debate continues with varying opinions about exactly what nanotechnology can achieve. Some researchers believe nanotechnology can be used to significantly extend the human lifespan or produce replicator-like devices that can create almost anything from simple raw materials. Others see nanotechnology only as a tool to help us do what we do now, but faster or better.

　　The third major area of debate concerns the timeframe of nanotechnology-related advances. Will nanotechnology have a significant impact on our day-to-day lives in a decade or two, or will many of these promised advances take considerably longer to become realities?

　　Finally, all the opinions about what nanotechnology can help us achieve echo with ethical challenges. If nanotechnology helps us to increase our lifespans or produce manufactured goods from inexpensive raw materials, what is the moral imperative about making such technology available to all? Is there sufficient understanding or regulation of nanotech based materials to minimize possible harm to us or our environment?

　　参考答案：暂无

　　Passage 3：

　　题目：How Science was taught in school

　　题型：单选题4+填空题5+判断题5

　　新旧程度：旧题

　　文章大意：介绍学校传统的对science的教育受到批判，引出另外两种方法science on argumentation及science for explanation，并解释对比各自优劣