Answer keys:

　　1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2行：Shoppers know that filling a store with thearoma of freshly baked bread makes people feelhungry and persuades them to buy more food thanthey intended.)

　　2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4行：Stocking the mostexpensive products at eye level makes them sellfaster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)

　　3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1句：At a recentconference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, acomputer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increaseimpulse buying using this phenomenon.)

　　4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2句：Supermarkets alreadyencourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placingeveryday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk pastother tempting goods to reach them.)

　　5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on theshelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. Ifthe number is high, he is more likely to select it too.)

　　6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves”model appeals to supermarketsbecause it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)

　　7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainlybecause radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installedexperimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America anTesco in Britain are interestd in his workd, and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “getunder way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)

　　8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)

　　9. 答案：YES.(第5段第3句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs rankedby how many times they have been downloaded, they followed the crowd.)

　　10. 答案：NO.(第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank, but the number oftimes they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there butwas less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.pronounced的词义是“显著的、明显的”)

　　11. 答案：YES.(第6段第1句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueenhas been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and researchcompanies.)

　　12. 答案：YES.(最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of theswarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分)