雅思大作文首段尾段详析
来源 :中华考试网 2018-08-01
中雅思大作文首段尾段详析
一、起始段要点
要素之一: Restatement of the Topic
大作文的题目都会给出相关情景或话题,在首段中应先对题目中的情景或话题进行展开。
方法一 : 改写。即按照题目所给的内容,用不同的表达方法重新写一遍,千万不能抄袭。
注意 :改一两个词不算改写,一定要将整个表达方式改掉。
方法二:自己展开。即根据题目所谈到的话题内容适当展开,简单谈谈目前社会中的情况怎样。
注意: 不要谈的太多,更加不能偏题,与题目话题毫不相干。
要素之二: Express Your Opinion
大作文的题目中一般会问你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必须与之相对应的在首段中表明你的观点。
方法一:中立观点(即辩证表达)。即可以说某种做法既有好又有坏;对某种观点又有人同意又有人不同意等等。
说明: 比较好的表达如:I partly agree with the opinion expressed above.
不要说:some people agree while others don'nt agree.这可不是中立地表达自己的观点。
所谓中立,其实是辩证的关系!老外看问题比较辩证,一般不会一棍子打死。
方法二:一边倒观点。即直截了当的说赞成某个观点或不赞成某个观点等等。
方法三:不表观点。即不在首段明确的表达自己的观点,但必须有引出下文之类话来作衔接。
说明: 方法一在考试中用的最多;方法二适中;方法三用的比较少(不表观点,但必须表明要先分析一下,在最后一段表明观点)。
要素之三: No Excessive Background
大作文首段中只要涵盖以上两要素即可,不要写过多不相干的展开内容,更不要将理由(即主体段的分论点)写进去,否则主体段就没内容写了。
例如:
Schools should teach children some academic subjects which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Schools are responsible primarily for teaching students academic abilities which they will use in their future careers and therefore some feel that extracurricular activities such as music and sports are extraneous and should not be included in their curricula. The inclusion of such activities, however, is vital to the complete development of a young mind and cannot be absent from the scholastic experience. (63 words)
说明:这个例子是老外写的,虽然我提出了要求,但是还是写长了,一般第1段的词数还是控制在40词左右为宜!
二、结尾段要点
要素之一: Restatement of Your Opinion
有的文章在第一段已经表达了作者的观点,那么这种情况,只要在最后一段重申一下就可以了。但是不能照抄一遍!或者将主体段所阐述的分论点(即ideas)的内容总结一下。但是,千万不要在末段的观点与全文的观点矛盾!
有的文章在第一段未明确地表达作者的观点,那么这种情况,就必须在最后一段明确地表达一下观点。
要素之二: Offering Solutions or Recommendations(optional)
有时候雅思题目会要求考生提供对某种现象的解决方法、建议等等,这种情况,就按照题目要求在结尾段分析解决方法或建议等。
注: 首尾段之间一般有一定的呼应,绝对不能自相矛盾。
如:
第一段: Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: in case after case the difficulty could have been overcome — or might never have arisen — if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.
结尾段:In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people — not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily effective solution is politeness — which is the golden rule in action.
说明:很明显尾段没有重复首段的内容,但内容是相联系的。