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2019年高考英语语法基础复习:倒装句

来源 :中华考试网 2018-10-19

  英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种

  情况:

  1、当here, there, out, in, up, down 等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装: There goes the bell! 铃响了!

  There lived an old man.

  Here comes the bus.

  注意:

  ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be 动词, 像 go, come, mush 等。

  ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如 Away he went. 他走远了。

  2、方位状语在句首, 如:

  In front of the house stopped a police car.

  Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island. Under the tree sat a boy.

  3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装

  "What does it mean?" asked the boy 或 the boy asked.

  二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:

  1、 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom

  Never shall I forget you.

  At no time was the man aware of what was happening. Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

  2、 几对并列连词如 not only…but also, hardly… when 等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:

  Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German

  citizenship was taken away.

  No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.

  注意:

  ①not only…but also 连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如: Not only you but also I like playing chess.

  ②neither…nor 在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装, Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.

  3、only 在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:

  Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

  Only in this way can I learn from my fault.

  Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.

  注意: only 强调主语不倒装:

  Only the teachers can use the room.

  4、so…that 句型, so 在句首时, 主句倒装, that 从句不倒装: So easy is it that a clild can learn it.

  So hard did he work that he finally won the fame. I saw the film, so did he.

  1、倒装句(Inversion)

  英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型

类型

Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.

学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。

整个谓语移至主语

之前。

部倒

分装

Seldom does he go to school late.

他上学很少迟到。

只把系动词,情态动词,助动词或表

语放在主语之前。

  二、倒装结构的基本用法

  1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装

情 况

例 句

说 明

疑问句中

Have you got a dictionary?

你有一本字典吗?

Where did he go last Monday?

上星期一他去什么地方了? Are you listening to the radio? 你在听广播吗?

Who told you the news?

谁告诉你那个消息的?

用完全或部分倒装,但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。

Which boy broke this glass?

哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了?

“there be

结构中

”There are three wells in our village.

我们村里有三口水井。

There stands a big paper making factory by the river.

河边有座大型造纸厂。

在以 here,

there, now,

then, in,

away, up

down 等 副词 开 头 的句子中

Here is a letter for you.

这儿有你一封信。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn to play. 现在轮到你玩了。

Away went the crowd one by one .

人们一个一个地离去。

Look, there he comes! 看,他来了。

Down she went 她下来了。

使用完全倒装结构。

但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。

在 以

neither nor

或 no more 开 头 的 句子中

I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .

我不会游泳,她也不会。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he

want to go there.

他没有去过农村,他也不想去那里。He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来,他妻子也没有来。

表示…… 也不这样, neither 和 nor 意思相同,可以替换使用,no more 表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不…。

用在 as(尽管)引导的让 步 状 语从句中

Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .

尽管这些贵族很傲慢,他却害怕见我。

Young as he is, he knows a lot .

虽然他年轻,却知道很多东西。

从属连句 as 用于特殊语序,含义与though, although

相同,但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照,必须用倒装(表语提前)

  2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。(使句子更加流畅,更加生动)

情 况

例 句

说 明

含有否定意义的副词或连词

Never before have we seen such a sight.

以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

Little did I think that he could be back alive.

常 用 否 定 词 有 :

never,not,hardly,

scarcely seldom, little,

情 况

例 句

说 明

状语so 放

句首

得见。

介词短语作状语, 放在句首

In the middle of the room stood a little girl.

在房间中央站着一个小女孩。

In the distance was a horse.

马在远处。

在强调表

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great

表语提前,不仅为了强

语的句子

achievements.

阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人,一个纯

调,而且为了使句子结

构达到平衡协调,或使

朴而又取得巨大成就的人。

上下文紧密衔接。

Such is life. 生活就是这样。

Nearby were two canoes in which they had

come to the island.

附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。

  六、并列句

  知识要点:

  1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法;

  2、注意 while, when 和 for 等作并列连词的用法。什么叫并列句:

  由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句的基本句型:

  简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句

类型

说明

连接词

例 句

并列关系

(联合关系)

and, not only…

but(also),

neither…nor 等

I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他,他也帮助我。

Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.

我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。

Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for

advice. 我不想与他商量,他也不会征求我的意见。

转折关系

but, yet, still,

while, however,

when 等

He failed many times, but he didn’t despair. 他失败多次但并没有气馁。

She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works

hard and is making rapid progress. 她学习英语有困难,然后她学习努力,进步很快。

选择关系

or, otherwise or

else, either…or

We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。

Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。

因果关系

for, so, thus,

therefore, and so

We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆

在家里,因为天正在下雨。

He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.

他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。

有时也可不用连词, 而用逗号,分号或冒号

Hurry up, it’s getting dark. 快点,天要黑了。

Let’s start early, we have a long way to go. 我们要早动身,因为路很远。

  注意:

  (1) yet 和 still 是连接副词,也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用,但不如 and, but, or 等强,用了

  yet 或 still,前面还可加 and 或 but。

  He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累,但他仍然要做另一个实验。

  I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早,然而还是没有赶上头班车。

  (2) while 意义相当于 at the same time 表示相反和对照,常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。

  I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球,而我姐姐喜欢篮球。

  when = and then, just then 或 at that time, during the time.

  We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开,这时蛇移动了。

  while 和 when 作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边,并有逗号和第一分句隔开。

  3、for 表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore 比 so 更正式,and so 比较口语化。

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