People have been studying the methods of persuasion since the days of the ancient Greeks. They have found that listeners 1 a speaker’s ideas for two reasons — because they are 2 over by the speaker’s evidence, or because they are moved by the speaker’s emotional appeals.

　　If you hope to be 3 , you must support your 4 with evidence — examples, statistics, and other facts used to 5 something. As you prepare your speech, try at each point to imagine how your audience will 6 . Just expect their 7 and answer them with evidence. 8 what kind of evidence you use, it will be more persuasive if it is stated in 9 rather than general terms. When making a speech about noise pollution, 10 , you say, “Lots of people suffer from hearing loss.” That will leave the audience 11 how many “lots” amounts to. 12 , by saying “28 million Americans suffer from serious hearing loss,” you will make your point much more 13 .

　　You can 14 persuade your listeners by appealing to their emotions — fear, anger, pity, sorrow, and so forth. One important way to generate emotional appeals is by using emotional language. 15 you want to move your listeners, use moving language. Mary Fisher, an American political activist, is particularly 16 for her speech on fighting AIDS made in Houston in 1992. It has been regarded as “one of the best American speeches of the 20th century.” As she spoke, the conference hall fell unusually 17 , and many people were moved to tears. They were 18 by Fisher’s powerful words and heartfelt 19 . Afterward, most listeners owed the 20 of the speech to its emotional power.

　　Even when trying to move listeners to action, however, you should never replace evidence with emotional appeals. You need to build a good case based on facts in addition to arousing the emotions of your audience.

　　1. A. explore B. accept

　　C. consider D. translate

　　2. A. knocked B. won

　　C. held D. taken

　　3. A. careful B. truthful

　　C. persuasive D. humorous

　　4. A. goals B. examples

　　C. views D. rules

　　5. A. trust B. answer

　　C. suggest D. prove

　　6. A. relax B. return

　　C. recover D. react

　　7. A. doubts B. beliefs

　　C. confidence D. influence

　　8. A. Regardless of B. Because of

　　C. Rather than D. Other than

　　9. A. standard B. specific

　　C. simple D. brief

　　10. A. in short B. for instance

　　C. however D. thus

　　11. A. learning B. researching

　　C. wondering D. realizing

　　12. A. Therefore B. Otherwise

　　C. Besides D. Instead

　　13. A. automatically B. casually

　　C. rapidly D. effectively

　　14. A. ever B. just

　　C. also D. still

　　15. A. If B. Though

　　C. Before D. Unless

　　16. A. noted B. prepared

　　C. guilty D. grateful

　　17. A. impatient B. silent

　　C. empty D. busy

　　18. A. puzzled B. annoyed

　　C. attracted D. surprised

　　19. A. apologies B. thanks

　　C. wish D. delivery

　　20. A. success B. style

　　C. chance D. glory

　　【答案】

　　1-10 BBCCD DAABB

　　11-20 CDDCA ABCDA