第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)

　　第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

　　A

　　When I was in fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She'd watch me coming down her street, and by the time I'd biked up to her doorstep, there'd be a cold drink waiting. I'd sit and drink while she talked.

　　Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, "Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning." she'd say. The first time she said that, soda(汽水) went up my nose.

　　I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she'd work it out of her system. So that's what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地).

　　I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn't see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser(募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she'd had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on.

　　I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I'm doing. When I don't say "fine", she sticks around to hear my problems. She's lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. Community isn't so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you're doing because they care, and not because they're getting paid to do so. Sometimes it's good to just smile, nod your head and listen.

　　21. Why did soda go up the author's nose one time?

　　A. He was talking fast. B. He was shocked.

　　C. He was in a hurry. D. He was absent-minded.

　　22. Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to Paragraph 3?

　　A. He enjoyed the drink. B. He wanted to be helpful.

　　C. He took the chance to rest. D. He tried to please his dad.

　　23. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase "work it out of her system"?

　　A. recover from her sadness B. move out of the neighborhood

　　C. turn to her old friends D. speak out about her past

　　24. What does the author think people in a community should do?

　　A. Open up to others. B. Depend on each other.

　　C. Pay for other's help D. Care about one another.

　　B

　　It's surprising how much simple movement of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(领悟).

　　So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We're all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional, depending on the clothes we wear, but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知) performance or is it just a feeling?

　　Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people's powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.

　　What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren't. Indeed, they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test (one way of measuring attention). The researchers call the effect "enclothed cognition," suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways.

　　This opens the way for all sorts of clothes-based experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative? Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef's hat make the restaurant food taste better?

　　From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown(学位服).

　　25. What is the main idea of the text?

　　A. Body movements change the way people think.

　　B. How people dress has an influence on their feelings.

　　C. What people wear can affect their cognitive performance.

　　D. People doing different jobs should wear different clothes.

　　26. Adam and Galinsky's experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers'______.

　　A. insights B. movements C. attention D. appearance

　　27. How does the author sound in the last paragraph?

　　A. Academic. B. Humorous. C. Formal. D. Hopeful.

　　C

　　There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼)aluminum.

　　Long before most of us even noticed what we now call "the environment," Buckminster Fuller said, "Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源)we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we've been ignorant of their value." To take one example, let's compare the throwaway economy(经济)with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.

　　Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weights 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the cat's 15-year lifetime. That's 219kg of steel-more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat's weight.

　　In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we'd have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat's lifetime-and we'll still have 100 left over for the next cat.

　　Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we've used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we've also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use-47% to 74%; in air pollution-85%; in water pollution-35%; in water use-40%.

　　28. What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?

　　A. It is becoming more serious. B. It destroys the environment.

　　C. It benefits the economy. D. It is the resources yet to be used.

　　29. How many cans will be used up in a cat's 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?

　　A. 50 B. 100 C. 150 D. 250

　　30. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

　　A. To promote the idea of recycling. B. To introduce an environmentalist.

　　C. To discuss the causes of pollution. D. To defend the throwaway economy.