IV. Summary Writing

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

　　To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.

　　Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.

　　In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散)the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.

　　Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.

　　In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.

　　These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.

　　第II卷 (共40分)

　　V. Translation

　　Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

　　72.让我大吃一惊的是他的态度转变的如此之快。(sudden)

　　73.除非你在一周内给我满意的答复，否则我将诉诸法律。(Unless)

　　74.出国留学有助于学生学习外语和了解外国文化，但学生应该考虑可能遇到的困难。(consideration)

　　75.研究表明，当人们有压力时，看看有趣的电影或向朋友倾诉是排遣恐惧和悲伤的有效方法。(get)

　　VI. Guided Writing

　　Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　近年来，人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)发展迅速，人们日益关注AI 对人类未来的影响。马云认为，人类创造的机器不可能超越人类。霍金(Stephen Hawking)则表示：“人工智能的完全发展可能预示着人类的终结。”你同意谁的观点，请说明理由。