第 I 卷

　　第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)

　　第一节(共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　A

　　To achieve further education, international students must take a standardized test of English. Three popular tests are TOEFL, TOEIC, and IELTS.

　　Here are several introductions for a student applying to a school to learn which test the program requires.

　　The TOEIC tests workplace communication

　　The TOEIC test started in the 1970s. The TOEIC is based on English used in the workplace. But the test does not require knowledge of special business words. The questions come from real situations like attending a company meeting.

　　ETS says that 14,000 organizations in 150 countries use the TOEIC.

　　The TOEFL tests English used in the classroom

　　There are several versions of the TOEFL.

　　Students take the Internet-based TOEFL, or TOEFL IBT, on a computer. Many U.S. universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.

　　Another TOEFL is the paper-based TOEFL, or TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETS’s institutional testing

　　program. TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not accepted for entrance to universities.

　　For young English learners, there are two new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for young

　　people between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight.

　　IELTS tests academic and general language skills

　　The IELTS has two forms. The Listening and Speaking sections are the same for both forms. In the Reading and Writing sections, however, there are two different tests.

　　The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.

　　The General IELTS uses topics and material from everyday books, newspapers and magazines.

　　1. Which kind of TOEFL is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students?

　　A. TOEFL IBT. B. TOEFL ITP. C. TOEFL Junior Test. D. TOEFL Primary Test.

　　2. According to the passage, which description is Not right?

　　A. The TOEIC test includes questions coming from real situations like attending a company meeting.

　　B. Many U.S. universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.

　　C. The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.

　　D. The Listening and Writing sections are the same for The Academic IELTS and The General IELTS.

　　3. The writer wrote the article mainly to ___________.

　　A. make an introduction about three popular tests

　　B. place an advertisement for three popular tests

　　C. give a business talk about three popular tests

　　D. give a lesson on three popular tests

　　B

　　NASA on Thursday announced the discovery of Kepler-452b, the most Earth-like planet ever found.

　　Located 1,400 light-years from our planet, NASA called it “Earth 2.0”, because it’s the first planet discovered in the habitable zone of a G star similar to our sun.

　　“We can think of Kepler-452b as an older, bigger cousin to Earth, providing an opportunity to understand and reflect upon Earth’s evolving environment,” said Jon Jenkins, the Kepler data analysis lead at NASA's Ames Research Center.

　　The planet is 5 percent farther away from its star than Earth is to the sun, making for a slightly longer year of 385 days, but gets similar light because its sun is 20 percent brighter than our own.

　　“The sunshine from this star would feel very similar to the sunshine from our star,” Jenkins told reporters.

　　NASA believes the planet has a mass about five times more massive than Earth’s, with a rocky surface below a thicker atmosphere than our own. Gravity would be about twice as strong on Kepler-452b as it is on Earth, NASA said.

　　The planet is located in the Kepler-452 system in the constellation Cygnus (天鹅座). Its sun has the same surface temperature as our own, but has a diameter that is 10 percent larger.

　　While NASA scientists have no idea if Kepler-452b’s atmosphere is conducive to life, they do know that there has been plenty of time for organisms to develop.

　　“It’s awe-inspiring to consider this planet spent 6 billion years in the habitable zone of its star, which is longer the age of the Earth,” Jenkins said. “That is considerable time and opportunity for life to arise somewhere on its surface or oceans if all the necessary conditions for life exist on this planet.”

　　4. The reason why NASA called Kepler-452b “Earth 2.0” is that ___________.

　　A. it is 5 percent farther away from its star than Earth is to the sun

　　B. it has a mass about five times more massive than Earth’s

　　C. it’s the first planet discovered in the habitable zone of a G star similar to our sun

　　D. it is longer the age of the Earth

　　5. According to the passage, we know that ____________.

　　A. Kepler-452b is located in the constellation Cygnus

　　B. Kepler-452b’s atmosphere is conducive to life

　　C. gravity would be about twice as strong on Earth as it is on Kepler-452b

　　D. the sunshine from Kepler-452b would feel very different from the sunshine from earth

　　6. The underlined part “habitable zone” in the last paragraph refers to ___________.

　　A. a large area which is different from others

　　B. a small area which is the same as others

　　C. a large area which is good enough for people to live in

　　D. a small area which is hard for people to live in

　　7. What type of writing is the text? It’s ____________.

　　A. an exhibition guide. B. an art show review. C. a science fiction D. a news report

　　C

　　Are you trying to learn a new language in a foreign land? You might be better off if you stopped looking at that picture of your family and friends.

　　New research from Columbia University found that prompting someone who is learning a new language with images and reminders of their own culture could temporarily ruin everything that the brain was trying to build.

　　When native Chinese students were asked to talk with a Caucasian avatar (白种人的虚拟头像) and a Chinese avatar, their English skills were so different. Simply exposing students to a Chinese person affected their ability to speak English. Subjects who talked with the Chinese version felt more comfortable in their speech, but they produced 11% fewer words per minute. They actually became less fluent speakers.

　　To make sure it wasn't just the avatar, researchers also showed people random images of China while the participants told a story. When pictures of their homeland appeared, fluency dropped 16% and volunteers were 85% more likely to use a literal translation, for example, calling pistachios “happy nuts”, because that's literally what the Chinese word for pistachio means.

　　When the students were shown pictures of fish with one swimming ahead of the others, their culture would change how they look at the photo. With Chinese prompts (提示), like photos of the Great Wall or Chinese Dragon, etc. they saw more students thinking that the fish was being chased, while an American prompt, like pictures of Marilyn Monroe or Superman, saw those students believing that it was a leader fish. Why are our cultural symbols Marilyn Monroe and Superman?

　　The bottom line is: when attempting to learn a new culture it is far better to surround yourself with

　　that culture than create an island of the old one.

　　8. Why does the author use a question in the first paragraph?

　　A. To raise a question. B. To arouse readers’ awareness.

　　C. To introduce the topic. D. To tell a story.

　　9. The underlined word “pistachios” in the fourth paragraph refers to ___________.

　　A. pictures B. a kind of food C. volunteers D. an image

　　10. From the passage we can infer that ___________.

　　A. with Chinese prompts, more students thought that it was a leader fish

　　B. with an American prompt, more students thought that the fish was being chased

　　C. different images would change with different people

　　D. different cultures would affect how students look at the photo

　　11. According to the research, which is a better way for a student in a foreign land to learn a new culture?

　　A. To surround himself with that culture. B. To create an island of the old one.

　　C. To see random images of China. D. To talk with a Caucasian avatar.

　　D

　　Just three days after hitting the screen across China, the Chinese animation (动画) film “Monkey King: Hero is Back” aroused enthusiasm among audience and ticket sales have exceeded(超过)100 million yuan ($16.11 million).

　　Web celebrities and many fans even posted topics about the film on China’s Twitter-like Weibo, at

　　which heated discussion are sparked.

　　“Monkey King: Hero is Back” is based on the household legend of the Monkey King, but tells a not-so familiar story. However, it’s still a Chinese style heroic legend and an exciting adventure against evil and darkness in troubled times, according to Lu Wei, the producer.

　　“Monkey King is China’s super hero. It is so popular among Chinese audience because they long for and cherish our own superhero,” said Tian Xiaopeng, the director.

　　Some media also put on a lot of comments from foreigners.

　　“He’s never dead, he’s just fallen asleep. We all need a hero to look up to, to give us hope and courage when it is needed. We grew up listening to his tales, his great adventures and heroic deeds. What makes a true hero is not just helping people when one has the power, but having the courage to stand up against the evil even without power. And this is what the film is about. When the hero loses his power and armor, when he is nothing more than an ordinary monkey, what would he do to protect the one he loves? This is also about a group of Chinese dream chasers trying to keep the beacon of hope lit even though being in the most unfavorable situations” from Tumblr.

　　“Though the film was injected with a little bit of Hollywood, its bold and creative story has attracted several Chinese cinema aficionados.” from Yibada.

　　One netizen posted after watching the film: “The film sets a new high-bar for the domestic animation film, when I walked out of the theater, I was crying.”

　　12. According to the director’s opinion, the film is so popular among Chinese audience because

　　_______.

　　A. Chinese audience long for and cherish his own superhero

　　B. the film is based on the household legend of the Monkey King

　　C. the Chinese need a hero to look up to, to give them hope and courage

　　D. the film was injected with a little bit of Hollywood

　　13. According to the passage, it can be inferred that _________.

　　A. the film is still a Chinese style heroic legend

　　B. the film is well-received

　　C. the film tells us the fact that what makes a true hero is to help people when one has the power

　　D. the film only aroused enthusiasm among Chinese audience

　　14. After watching the film, the netizen mentioned in the last paragraph was _________.

　　A. very sad B. deeply moved C .very crazy D. deeply gloomy

　　15. Why does the writer mention Weibo, Tumblr and Yibada? Because he wants to __________.

　　A. persuade more readers to visit them B. tell readers some information about them

　　C. make them better known to readers D. provide some evidence for readers