Ⅲ . 阅读理解

Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline(腰围), a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women started noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.

Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig Weight Management Program said: “In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.”

The “Food, Body, Mind” report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2,000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they were on a diet then and one in five women said they were on a “continuous diet”.

It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their “reflection in the mirror”， preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.

However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers’ polishing off their children’s leftovers(剩饭)was another common cause of weight gain.

24.Which of the following might be the best title for this article?

A.Three reasons to fail in dieting

B.Important things for successful diet

C.Obesity—a problem for 61.4% adults in the UK

D.Four in ten women gain weight on diets

25.Women who go on a diet ________.

A.are all overweight or obese

B.are likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight

C.all fail because they are not persistent enough

D.all end up heavier than when they start to diet

26.The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.

A.effects　　　　B.examples

C.causes D.imagination

27.Which of the following is NOT the reason that many people quit dieting very soon?

A.The pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly.

B.Colleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks.

C.Reflections they see in the mirror.

D.Leftovers of children’s taken by their mothers.

28.In which column of the newspaper do you probably find the passage?

A.Health. B.Economy.

C.Sports. D.Education.

Ⅳ . 阅读填空

阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语。注意：每空不超过3个单词。

Air pollution refers to the introduction of some harmful gases and particulate matter(颗粒物质) in the Earth’s atmosphere which in turn results in pollution of air that the various forms of life require for various life processes. There exist natural causes of air pollution such as volcanic eruptions, wildfires, etc. as well as human causes such as vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, etc. Over the last few decades, the air pollution caused by humans has become a lot more serious and common than natural air pollution.

Air pollution affects all forms of life including humans, plants and animals on the planet. Along with humans, animals are dependent on oxygen in the air. When polluted air is inhaled(吸入) for breathing oxygen, several harmful gases are also inhaled along with this life-saving gas. These harmful gases are believed to affect animals in the same manner in which they affect humans. Experts also suggest that the particulate matter the animals inhale over a long period can gather in their tissues and cause damage to their organs in the long run. In addition to inhaling the harmful contaminants(污染物) directly, animals can also come in contact with these contaminants from the food they eat and absorb them through their skin. Some studies do show that the effects of air pollution on animal species are much more serious than they are on us humans.

The rapid rate at which air pollution is occurring is not even giving the animals a chance to adapt to the changes in the environment. In the long term, these effects are likely to result in extinction(灭绝) of species, which will indirectly add to our danger because we along with all these animals form the ecological environment where all species depend on each other. Therefore, all of us are supposed to make an effort to reduce air pollution.

参考答案

Ⅰ.1.A　keep sb. company意为 “陪伴某人”。

2.D　whichever意思是 “无论哪个，无论哪些”，后面可以跟of短语，而whoever后不能跟of短语。故D项正确。

3.D　句意为：实践出真知。apart from 脱离开;in addition to 除了……之外;because of 由于;except for 除……之外。

4.A　本句考查条件状语从句。从句中用一般现在时表将来。

5.D　考查独立主格结构作状语。此句中all her time是逻辑主语，time与devote之间是被动关系，构成devote all her time to doing...结构。