2018年成人高考专升本英语考点:形容词和副词
来源 :中华考试网 2018-06-14
中I.要点
A.形容词
1、形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、形容词比较等级的形式
(1)规则形式
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2)不规则形式
good(well)-better-best
bad(ill)-worse-worst
many(much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3)形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较,用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…"如:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度,用"as+形容词原级+as".如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④越…越…
例如:The more I learn,the happier I am.
⑤You can never be too careful.越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B.副词
1、副词的种类
(1)时间副词如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等
(2)地点副词如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。
(3)方式副词如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。
(4)程度副词如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等。
2、副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)already,yet,still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2)too,as well,also,either
too,as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3)hard,hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如:
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4)late,lately
lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。如:
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析:该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否定句中,意为"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析:该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。
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