（二）　　

Fighting Against Water

　　For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part if the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the “Netherlands” which means “low land.” Very tall and strong walls, called dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be caused by floods when this happens.

　　Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the land is so low.

　　The battles against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take, or reclaim, land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.

　　Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea.

　　Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be very bad floods.

　　A piece of reclaimed land is called polder, and Holland has thousands of polders. Some are very large, but others are quite small. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even Amsterdam’s great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land used to be under the old Lake Haarlem.

　　1. Water is the main threat to Holland because ____.

　　A. the sea is too rough

　　B. the land is lower than the sea

　　C. the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods out

　　D. the weather is too rough

　　2. “Netherlands” means ____.

　　A. high land

　　B. land of water

　　C. low land

　　D. land of dykes

　　3. Holland is threatened not only by the sea, but also by ____.

　　A. the floods from broken dykes

　　B. the three rivers

　　C. the sea tides

　　D. many passages the three rivers have cut across the country

　　4. The Holland claim land from the sea in order to ____.

　　A. prevent floods

　　B. make their country larger

　　C. make their country more beautiful

　　D. have more farmland

　　5. If pumps stop working there will be very floods because _____.

　　A. the water will run back at high tide

　　B. the sea may break the dykes in rough weather

　　C. the battle against water will never end

　　D. the land is too low and water can rise up through the drained land

　　6. The word “polder” means ____.

　　A. a piece of newly-claimed land

　　B. a small island

　　C. a newly built dyke

　　D. a long canal

　　本文主要介绍了荷兰人与洪涝灾害斗争的情况。第一段讲述荷兰大部分地区的海拔都在海平面以下，所以经常遭洪灾，损失惨重。第二段讲述三条大河也是一大问题。第三段讲述荷兰人通过占有或重新收回水下的土地来扩大领土。第四段讲述荷兰人如何重新收回水下的土地。第五段讲述水泵必须不停的工作，以确保荷兰的安全。第六段讲述重新收回的土地(即开拓地)起着重要的作用。

　　答案及分析：

　　1. B

　　分析：第一段中提到：Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level.他们主要的敌人就是海洋。国家大部分地区都在海平面以下。故答案为B.

　　2. C

　　分析: 第一段中提到：… Netherland which means “low land”.由此可以得出结论，所以选C.

　　3. B

　　分析: 第二段开头提到：Three large rivers are also part of the problem.三条大河也是一个问题。所以选B

　　4. B

　　分析: 第三段开头提到：The battle against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger county.与洪水的斗争一直没有停，但这使荷兰成为越来越大的国家。所以选B.

　　5. D

　　分析：第五段开头提到：Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. 选项D正是这句话的改写。

　　6. A

　　分析: 最后一段提到：A piece of reclaimed land is called polder.重新收回的土地叫开拓地。所以答案是A.