Passage Three

　　Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:

　　The whole industrial process, which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, will unavoidably create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of (处置) properly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. Many people see pollution as only part of a large and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. Others see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing population.

　　Whatever reasons behind it, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, governments and people would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter (乱扔的废物) and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

　　11. What will happen if the industrial process continues according to the passage?

　　A、Environmental balance will be achieved easily.

　　B、Less land will be used for agriculture.

　　C、New environmental problems will have to be dealt with.

　　D、World population will be reduced.

　　12. Why does the writer mention food and drinks in Paragraph 2?

　　A、To show the problem of litter and waste.

　　B、To show the problem of overproduction.

　　C、To show how they are consumed.

　　D、To show how they are wrapped.

　　13. What does the writer say about advertising?

　　A、It causes pollution directly.

　　B、It wastes energy.

　　C、It puts litter under control.

　　D、It brings about waste.

　　14. What is the writer’s attitude towards the solution to environmental problems?

　　A、Doubtful

　　B、Excited

　　C、Hopeful

　　D、Disappointed

　　15. Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage?

　　A、Question and answer.

　　B、Problem and solution.

　　C、Situation and explanation.

　　D、Statement and conclusion.

　　Passage Four

　　Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

　　Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean's reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare's famous line, "all the world's a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.

　　But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today's worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.

　　Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most

　　it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50's and 60's the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage(英尺数) of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.

　　Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory(令人讨厌的) dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash(消极反应) during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.

　　It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs(救世主) operating under the cover of politics or religion."

　　Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression(侵犯) of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most，major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.

　　16. The passage is mainly about_____.

　　A) the evolution of international politics in the United States

　　B) the broadcast media's growing role in international politics

　　C) the concern for human rights as is shown in broadcast media

　　D) the impact of global television communication on viewers'emotions

　　17. The introduction of satellite technology into television broadcast ____

　　A) confirmed what Shakespeare said long ago

　　B) changed the way television news is handled

　　C) improved the sound effect of television news

　　D) initiated a shift of emphasis to international politics

　　18. The civil rights struggle to the 50's and 60's won public support partly owing to_____

　　A) the viewing of the Nazi atrocities on TV

　　B) the news broadcast through satellite links

　　C) the impact of televised news on emotions

　　D) the support provided by a world audience

　　19. President Carter's major contribution to broadcast news was that he _____

　　A) eliminated any kind of censorship of broadcast news

　　B) encouraged news coverage of the Vietnam War and ended it

　　C) proclaimed the Pentagon's control over the media unconstitutional

　　D) made the transgression of human rights a global focus in broadcast news

　　20. The television coverage of human rights issues has all the effects EXCEPT ___

　　A) reduction in the cases of human rights violation

　　B) prompted attempts at censorship by dictators

　　C) increased respect for different cultures and attitudes

　　D) heightened international concern over human rights abuses