四.阅读理解(共15小题：每题3分，共45分。)

　　阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳的一项。

　　A

　　Probably no other musical instrument(乐器)　is as popular around the world as the guitar(吉他). Almost every kind of music needs a guitar. Country and westem music would not be the same without a guitar. The Spanish music called flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument.

　　People do not agree about where the guitar was first played, but most agree it is very old. Some say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than one thousand years ago. Some others say that an old form of the modem guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the 12 century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s it became similar to the instrument we know today.

　　Many famous musicians played the instrument. The famous musician Niccolo Paganinni played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. In modem times Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular.

　　One kind of music for the guitar developed in the southern area of Spain called Adalusia. It will always be strongly connected with the Spanish guitar.

　　36. What is discussed about the guitar in Paragraph 1?

　　A. Its history in America.

　　B. Its value in the music world.

　　C. Its importance for music lovers.

　　D. Its use in musical performance.

　　【导师解析】B。着重看文章的第一段。我们从第一句和第二句中可知此段主要讲几乎每一种音乐都需要吉他。也就是吉他在音乐世界中的价值，即B选项。

　　37. Where could the oldest form of the guitar probably exist according to the text?

　　A. In Spain. B. In Persia. C. In Egypt. D. In America.

　　【导师解析】C。从第二段红色部分得知，选项应该是C。

　　38. Who did most to make the guitar very popular?

　　A. Adalusia. B. Andres Segovia. C. Franz Schubert. D. Niccolo Paganinni.

　　【导师解析】B。从第三段红色部分得知，选项应该是B

　　39. What would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Music and Musicians B. The History of the Guitar

　　C. Music and Musical Instruments D. The Most Popular Musical lnstrument

　　【导师解析】D。A,C两个选项的题目太大，不能确切的总结全文的意思。B选项太偏，文章不光是讲吉他的历史。从第一段的第一句我们就可以知道，文章讲的是世界上最流行的乐器吉他。所以此题选D.

　　B

　　Eight years ago, officials in Chicago. Illinois, decided to replace the black roof on the city government building with a planted garden. The aim was to reduce energy costs, improve air quality and control the rainwater entering the city’s waste system(系统). Green roofs also help reduce a problem called urban heat islands (城市热岛现象). During hot weather. the building’s root could reach temperatures of up to 76℃. With the garden, the temperature of the root area was reduced by at least 30℃. Workers planted over 150 kinds of plants that could stand bad weather. Now. the area is cooler, the building requires less energy to keep cool, and the root looks nice. Chicago also offers money to help people pay for building their own green roots.

　　About five years ago. officials in Thane, India, decided to reduce the city’s depending on power from coal. The city often experiences lack of power because of the large numbers of people using electriciry. Officials decided to save energy by putting water heaters(热水器) powered by the sun on top of the city’s main hospital. The hospital saved thousands of dollars in energy costs each year. Officials then began building this kind of water heater around the city.

　　China has announced plans to build a city called Dongtan. The company designing the city says it will produce its energy from the wind, sun and waste. The aim is for the city to be an example to the rest of China.

　　40. What did the officials in Chicago decide to do?

　　A. To grow plants on the roof of the government building.

　　B. To make use of the rainwater in the city’s waste system.

　　C. To improve the air quality of the city greatly.

　　D. TO build another government building.

　　【导师解析】 A。从文章的第一段第一句可以直接找出答案。

　　41. What problem does Thane have according to the text?

　　A. The city doesn’t have enough electricity for its people.

　　B. The city’s main hospital lacks money for energy costs.

　　C. The city needs more water heaters for its people.

　　D. The city needs to control its population growth.

　　【导师解析】A从文章第二段红色部分可知，这个城市经常缺少电，所以选择A，城市没有足够的电。

　　42. Why does China plan to build the new city?

　　A. To set an example of using clean energy.

　　B. To provide energy for the rest of China.

　　C. To leam how to use new energy forms.

　　D. To gain experience in city design.

　　【导师解析】A。从文章最后一段的最后一句可知，此城市要用风，太阳能，废弃物来发电，所以属于清洁能源。故选A.

　　43. What does the author try to tell the readers about?

　　A. Problems in big cities of the world.

　　B. The rising energy costs in cities.

　　C. Different ways of going green.

　　D. Energy problems in the world.

　　【导师解析】C。比较四个选项我们很容易选出A。文章列出了一些节能的例子，需要考试自己总结。

　　C

　　On my way home from work one day in 1994, I stopped at a supermarket for shopping. I was behind two customers. The person checking out was a young mother with her little girl. As the clerk was scanning (扫描) the things she had chosen, the young lady was carefully counting her money, worried. After the last thing was scanned, the clerk told the young mother the total.

　　The young mother’s expression turned to embarrassment (尴尬) as she realized she did not have enough money. She started to see which things to put back, and nervously looked behind her,knowing she was holding up the line. I was smiling and trying to look sympathetic (同情)sympathetic [,simpə'θetik]-I had been in situations where I did not have enough money plenty of times myself. Finally. the young mother gave something back to the clerk, and asked for new total.

　　At that moment, the woman in front of me asked the clerk to wait a moment. She took out $5 and handed it to the clerk to pay what the young mother was short of. When the clerk tried to give the woman the fifty cents change, she pointed to the little girl and told the clerk to give it to her. The little girl smiled and ran to one of the machines to spend the money. Naturally, the young mother was thankful and said so. The woman smiled and told her she was welcome.

　　I will never forget the look on that little girl’s face-not when she was given the money. But when she realized that a perfect stranger cared enough to help them. From the way she looked at the woman. you could tell that she learned something valuable that day; Some people do care.

　　That woman taught me several things with that one little deed. There are many situations in which we can help other people. It doesn’t take much money. A few dollars to someone like me was something quite different to that mother.

　　44.Why was the young mother carefully counting her money?

　　A. To know how much would be left after payment.

　　B. She got ready to pay for what she had taken.

　　C. She was afraid that she didn’t have enough.

　　D. To see if she could buy more things.

　　【导师解析】C。从第二段的第一句话，我们知道，她认真的数钱，是因为她没有足够的钱。

　　45. What did the author try to show to the young mother by smiling to her?

　　A. He had seen her before.

　　B. He was willing to help her.

　　C. He was surprised at her embarrassment.

　　D. He understood what happened to her.

　　【导师解析】D

　　46. The woman in front of the author handed five dollars to _____.

　　A. the author B. the mother C. the clerk D. the girl

　　【导师解析】C。从文章第三段的红色部分可知。

　　47. What is the text trying to teach us?

　　A. Women and children should be helped.

　　B. A little care can bring about great happiness.

　　C. There are always people who are in trouble.

　　D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　【导师解析】B。从文章最后一段可以知道，作者写这篇文章的目的，他希望大家能够相互帮助，很小的关心可以带来巨大的幸福。

　　D

　　There’s a time to get angry. and it’s best for your child if you do.Let’s say your child hits a playmate with a toy-hard enough to make the other child cry. How can you teach your child to feel sorry so he or she won’t do it again? Researchers say the best way for parents to react(反应)is to show their anger and to let the child know exactly why they are mad.

　　Many parents believe that it is best to control their feelings and to wait until they’re calm before scolding their children. But the mother or father who explains reasonably to a child , “Peter was crying because you hit him,” is not likely to attract much attention. Young children need to be scolded immediately, and strongly, before they’ll take criticism (批评)to heart..

　　When your young child does something wrong. scold him or her seriously at once. At the same time be sure to tell the child clearly what he or she has done wrong. An angry reaction without an immediate explanation does little good. Forbidding a child to play outside or not allowing him to watch TV as a punishment works well-but only when taken together with an explanation. Make certain your child understands that although his or her wrongdoing has made you angry, you still love him or her. Use simple, direct words such as, “You hurt Peter. How would you feel if he hit you? You must never, never hurt people.” If your voice expresses strong feeling clearly, your message will carry enough weight.

　　48. According to researchers, how should parents react when their child did something wrong?

　　A. Ask the child not to do it again any time.

　　B. Let the child know what exactly happened.

　　C. Teach the child why and how to say sorry to others.

　　D. Show the child how angry they are and tell him why.

　　【导师解析】D。从第一段的红色部分直接可以找出答案。

　　点评: 细节题除了第一的之外，其他的段落也在围绕这个中心在写。

　　49. What do many parents think they should do with the wrongdoer?

　　A. Speak strongly and angrily to him.

　　B. Hide their feelings when talking to him.

　　C. Explain immediately why he was wrong.

　　D. Calm themselves down before scolding him.

　　【导师解析】D。从第二段的红色部分直接找到答案。

　　50. What could be the best title for the text?

　　A. Best Ways to Stop Children’s Wrongdoings

　　B. Differences among Parents in Dealing with Children

　　C. Different ways to Deal with Children’s Wrongdoings

　　D. Research on Preventing Children from Hurting Others

　　【导师解析】A。总结文章大意，比较四个选项，根据第一段很容易选出。