IV. 阅读理解(48分)

　　Like everyone else working at the Limerick nuclear-power (核能) plant, Stanley Watras had to pass through the monitors (监测器) before leaving the building. Most of his co-worker passed through without a problem, but Watras, an engineer, continually set off alarms (警报). Some days he was found to be carrying six times more radiation (辐射物) than normal. Neither Watras nor his coworkers could understand where he was picking it up.

　　Then one day Watras went through the door at Limerick and turned and walked back through the monitors without ever entering the power block. Yet the machines still said he was carrying radiation. "If I wasn’t picking up radiation at work, there was only one place it could be coming from: my house."

　　When scientists came to test the Watrases’ home in the countryside, they found out what was the matter. The house contained so much radon (氡) that living in it for a year was like being exposed (暴露) to 260,000 chest X-rays. In the year the Watrases had spent there, they had increased their chances of getting lung cancer (癌症) by 13 or 14 percent.

　　The next day the Watrases took down their Christmas tree, put their clothes in some bags and moved into a nearby hotel. "It was terrible," says Watras.

　　The owner of the Limerick plant took charge of dealing with the Watrases’ radon problem as an experiment. Scientists studied every corner of the house. When the ground was dug up, they found that under the house there was a uranium (铀) -bearing rock.

　　( ) 46. It was because that Stanley Watras was carrying six times more radiation than normal.

　　A. he worked at a nuclear-power plant B. there was something wrong with the monitors

　　C. he lived in a house in the countryside D. his house was built on a uranium-bearing rock.

　　( ) 47. The monitors at the gates of the plant building gave alarms .

　　A. only when Watras was leaving the building

　　B. whenever Watras’s co-workers were leaving the building

　　C. only when Watras was passing through one day D. whenever Watras was passing through them

　　( ) 48. Watras understood he was picking up radiation at home as .

　　A. he always set off alarms when passing through the monitors

　　B. most of his co-worker passed through the monitors without problem

　　C. he proved one day he wasn’t picking up radiation at work

　　D. scientists found out his house contained radiation

　　( ) 49. The Watrases moved into a hotel because .

　　A. they had been exposed to 260,000 chest X-rays

　　B. they might have go lung cancer C. the house contained too much radon

　　D. scientists found under his house there was a uranium-bearing rock

　　During the Crimean War in 1854 many soldiers were wounded or became ill. News reached England that they were receiving very little care. At once Florance Nightingale wrote to the War Office and offered her service. She went with a band (一队) of thirty-eight nurses to the hospitals at Scutari.

　　What they saw there was even worse than they expected. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen - and smelled. The officer there did not want any women to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurses went to work.

　　Florance used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicines, and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.

　　She fell dangerously ill herself, but she did not stop working. Her thin hands worked day and night. Even in the last hours of the night she could be seen working with a lamp past each bed. The soldiers often kissed her shadow as "the lady of the lamp" went by.

　　( ) 50. During the Crimean War .

　　A. nobody cared for the wounded soldiers

　　B. Florance and her lady-fellows nursed the wounded soldiers

　　C. Florance saw what she had expected D. things were even worse there than in England

　　( )51. Florance and the other nurses .

　　A. saw dirt and death everywhere B. saw hospitals were run well

　　C. had no trouble with the officer there D. was told how to run a hospital

　　( ) 52. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Florance bought a lot for the wounded with her money.

　　B. Florance’s friends lent money to her to help her.

　　C. Florance got her pay in smiles from the dying soldiers.

　　D. The wounded and dying thanked her very much.

　　( ) 53. Florance was called "the lady of the lamp" because .

　　A. she always worked with a lamp in her hand B. she worked day and night under a lamp

　　C. she never stopped working by her lamp D. she always worked into late night with a lamp

　　We want our kids (小孩) to use the Internet, and yet we worry. But we can find ways to direct our children away from what’s wrong, towards what’s best.

　　The most effective (有效地) way to monitor (监控) a kid’s online activity is to monitor it. That is, to stand beside the computer from time to time when your child is at it.

　　Carleton Kendrick suggests that accompanying (陪伴) your child to a website (网站) he often visits is no different from "checking out a playground where your kids go, to see that it’s safe."

　　In any e-mail program, a look at the senders’ addresses can give you a good idea of your kids’ correspondents (通信者) .

　　America Online allows parents to limit incoming e-mails to a finite (限定的) list of correspondents. Some parents also type their kids’ names into a search engine to discover what they’re saying on websites or message boards.

　　Understand that as kids get older and demand more privacy (私密) , some basic know-how comes into play. America Online has been particularly effective in helping parents give their children an online experience: a "kids-only" AOL account (帐户) prevents young users from all but full time-monitored chat (聊天) rooms. Katherine Borsecnik , president at AOL, notes, however, that "if I have a child who’s doing a report on breast (乳房) cancer (癌), I might want to turn off the filters (过滤器)" since kids-only access (路径) would block websites with even straight medical information about breast.

　　Many parents don’t know that a simple click (点击) on the "history" tab (键) will produce a list of links to every website the computer has visited recently. Bonnie Fell opens all the files that have been downloaded (下载) by her two sons at least once a month - "whether the boys are there or not. Although they know it." As Jim Lynch, who manages message boards for the Boston-based FamilyEducation.com, says, "Parents are the ultimate (最后的) filter."

　　( ) 54. To stand beside the computer from time to time when your child is at it is .

　　A. the most effective way to monitor a kid’s online activity

　　B. the useful way to direct a kid away from what’s wrong and towards what’s best

　　C. the good way to protect a kid on the net

　　D. checking out a playground where your kids go, to see that it’s safe.

　　( ) 55. To protect their children on the net, parents can .

　　a. accompany their children to the website they often visit

　　b. look at the senders’ addresses c. limit incoming e-mails to a finite list of correspondents

　　d. type their kids’ names into a search engine to discover something

　　A. ab B. ac C. abd D. abcd

　　( ) 56. America Online .

　　A. prevents young users from all but full time-monitored chat rooms

　　B. blocks websites with even straight medical information

　　C. produces a list of links to every website the computer has visited recently D. turn off the filters

　　( ) 57. Which of the following is right?

　　A. Carleton Kendrick says parents are the ultimate filter.

　　B. Katherine Borsecnik says accompanying a child to a website is the same as checking out a playground. C. Jim Lynch says she might want to turn off the filters.

　　D. Bonnie Fell says she opens all the files of her two sons whether they are there or not.