四、阅读理解

　　阅读下列短文,然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳的一项。

　　A

　　A woman heads into a popular New York City coffee shop on a cold winter morning. Just ahead of her, a man drops a few papers. The woman pauses to help gather them. A clerk at a busy store thanks a customer who has just bought something. “Enjoy”the young woman says, smiling widely. “ Have a nice day. ”She sounds like she really means it. These are the common situations we may see every day.

　　However, in her best-selling book Talk to the Hand, Lynne Truss argues that common good manners such as saying “Excuse me” almost no longer exist. There are certainly plenty who would agree with her. According to one recent study, 70 percent of the US adults said people are ruder now than they were 20 years ago.

　　Is it really true? We decided to find out if good manners are really hard to see. In this politeness study, reporters were sent to many cities in the world. They performed three experiments ：“door tests” ( would anyone hold the door open for them?) ; “paper drops” (who would help them gather a pile of “accidentally” dropped papers?) ; and “service tests” ( which salesclerks would thank them for a purchase?)

　　In New York, 60 tests (20 of each type) were done. Along the way, the reporters met all types of people： men and women of different races, ages, professions (职业)，and income levels. And guess what? In the end, four out of every five people they met passed their politeness test making New York the most polite city in the study.

　　91. What does Lynne Truss argue in Talk to the Hand?

　　A. “Excuse me”is not welcome nowadays.

　　B. Of all the adults in the US 70% are rude.

　　C. People are not as polite as they used to.

　　D. People don’t care about manners any more.

　　92. What is TRUE about the politeness study discussed in the passage?

　　A. New York was the most suitable city for the experiment.

　　B. Sixty tests were designed to see if people are polite to each other.

　　C. The study was reported in many cities of the world.

　　D. Experiments were performed to see if common good manners exist.

　　93. What is found in the study?

　　A. More people passed the tests in New York than in any other cities.

　　B. Different kinds of people acted differently in the New York tests.

　　C. Four out of five people passed the politeness test in the study.

　　D. Many people in the experiment passed the tests by guessing.

　　B

　　Grandma Moses is among the most famous twentieth-century painters of the United States，yet she had only just begun painting in her late seventies. As she once said of herself ：“I would never sit back in a rocking-chair，waiting for someone to help me. ”

　　She was born on a farm in New York State. At twelve she left home and was in a service until at twenty-seven, she married Thomas Moses, the tenant of hers. They farmed most of their lives. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1928.

　　Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils in old age because her hands had become top stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at an exhibition，and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were shown in the Museum of Modem Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930，s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures: careful and lively pictures of the country life she had known, with a wonderful sense of color and form.

　　94. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Grandma Moses

　　B. The Children of Grandma Moses

　　C. Grandma Moses: Her Best Pictures

　　D. Grandma Moses and Her First Exhibition

　　95. From Grandma Moses’ s words of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she

　　Was .

　　A. alone B. pretty

　　C. rich D. independent

　　96. Grandma Moses spent most of her life .

　　A. nursing B. painting

　　C. farming D. embroidering

　　97. Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to .

　　A. make her home beautiful B. keep active

　　C. improve her salary D. gain an international fame

　　C

　　Uncle Sam is a tall, thin man. He，s an elder man with white hair and a white beard. He often wears a tall hat，a bow tie，and the stars and stripes of the American flag.

　　Who is this strange-looking man? Would you believe that Uncle Sam is the US government? But why do you call the US government Uncle Sam?

　　During the War of 1812，the US government hired meat packers to provide meat to the army. One of these meat packers was a man named Samuel Wilson. Samuel was a friendly and fair man. Everyone liked him and called him Uncle Sam.

　　Sam Wilson stamped the boxes of meat for the army with a large US for United States. Some government inspectors came to look over Sam’s company. They asked a worker what the US on the boxes stood for. As a joke，the worker answered that these letters stood for the name of his boss，Uncle Sam.

　　The joke spread，and soldiers began saying that their food came from Uncle Sam. Before long, people called all things that came from the government “Uncle Sam，s”，“Uncle Sam” became a nickname for the US government.

　　Soon there were drawings and cartoons of Uncle Sam in newspapers. In these early pictures, Uncle Sam was a young man. He wore stars and stripes, but his hair was dark and he had not a beard. The beard was added when Abraham Lincoln was President. President Lincoln had a beard.

　　The most famous picture of Uncle Sam is on a poster from World War I. The government needed men to fight in the war. In the poster，a very serious Uncle Sam points his finger and says “I want YOU for the US Army. ”

　　98. “Uncle Sam” became a for the US government.

　　A. boss B. nickname

　　C. picture D. businessmen

　　99. Uncle Sam often wears tall hat, and the stars and stripes of the American flag.

　　A. dark hair B. a shirt

　　C. a box D. a bow tie

　　100. Government inspectors came to Sam’s meat-packing company.

　　A. ask B. stand for

　　C. look over D. see

　　101. In the drawing and cartoons of Uncle Sam .

　　A. he wore the stars and stripes

　　B. they never had a beard

　　C. he had no hair

　　D. he wore a bow tie

　　D

　　Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.

　　They point out that at a circus，for example，we may see elephants，monkeys，dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may notice that the trainer always gives the animals a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.

　　Of course，as we know，dogs can be used to guard a house，and soldiers in both old and modem times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near. But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories. In Russia, for example，pigeons，which are birds with good eyesight，are being used to watch out for faults in small steel ball that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others，it touches a steel plate with its beak. This turns on a light to warn people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward. It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3 ,000 to 4,000 balls an hour.

　　Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars，and scientists believe that these large monkeys may one day gather crops and even drive trains.

　　102. What made scientists think animal can be made to work for us one day?

　　A. Animals are very skillful at a circus.

　　B. They are big and strong.

　　C. Some animals are as clever as human beings.

　　D. Animals can be trained because they like to get something as a reward.

　　103. The trainer usually gives the animals a piece of candy or fruit.

　　A. when it is hungry

　　B. before it plays a trick

　　C. when it starts to play a trick

　　D. after it has done the trick

　　104. Many animals may be trained to do simple jobs if they know .

　　A. who their trainers are

　　B. they will be praised by their trainers

　　C. they will get a reward

　　D. something dangerous will happen to them

　　105. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Scientists consider apes may drive trains some day.

　　B. An ape is not a large monkey.

　　C. Apes have worked in some factories.

　　D. Apes may one day be used to gather crops.

　　E

　　In the old days，divers used to go down into the sea looking for ships that had sunk，because they hoped to find gold and jewels. Now divers still search for valuable things in sunken ships，but they also try to bring to the surface the ships themselves, or parts of them. The value of different kinds of metals has increased greatly over the last twenty or thirty years and even though a ship has been under the sea for many years，it may be worth a great deal.

　　One famous sunken ship is the “Lusitania” , which sank off the southern coast of Ireland in 1915 with a loss of nearly, 1,500 lives. It has four huge propellers made of an expensive metal. Today each of those propellers is worth $ 300,000 or more. The ship lying on the seabed has been brought by a man called John Light. He paid about $ 1,200,000 for the whole ship. He hopes to bring up those propellers and sell them. He also hopes to sell other parts of the ship, when he has brought them to the surface, for about $ 600,000.

　　106. Divers today try to bring to the surface .

　　A. gold and jewels B. parts of ships

　　C. whole ships D. all of the above

　　107. Divers try to bring up metals because .

　　A. they have been in the sea for a long time

　　B. some kinds of metals are worth a lot of money

　　C. it is easy to bring up metals

　　D. gold and jewels are not valuable things

　　108. The word “surface” in the passage means the .

　　A. market B. air

　　C. top of a liquid D. sea

　　109. John Light hopes that he may be able to sell all the parts of the “Lusitania” for about .

　　A. $12,000 B. $300,000

　　C. $1,200,000 D. $1,800,000