Section C

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.

　　But that isn’t why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party—has agreed to legislate for standardized packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics(麻醉剂).

　　Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco as one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.

　　So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron’s election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his news adviser’s outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free voice before parliament is dissolved in March.

　　Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹息) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket check-outs fueled obesity.

　　The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.

　　46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?

　　A) Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.

　　B) It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.

　　C) Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.

　　D) It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.

　　47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?

　　A) Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.

　　B) Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.

　　C) Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.

　　D) Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.

　　48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?

　　A) Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.

　　B) The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.

　　C) The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.

　　D) Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.

　　49. Why it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?

　　A) Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.

　　B) There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.

　　C) Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.

　　D) Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.

　　50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?

　　A) They fueled a lot of controversy.

　　B) They made more British people obese.

　　C) They attracted a lot of smokers.

　　D) They had certain ingredients missing.

　　46. [D]

　　解析：答案定位在文章第一段，其中“veteran nicotine addict”直接对应题目中的chain smokers， 而根据that 从句内的 “plays no role in the decision to keep smoking”就可以选出正确选项D：

　　“香烟的包装对于老烟枪选择戒烟与否而言几乎没有任何影响”。

　　47. [A]

　　解析：答案定位在第二段的第一句及第三段的最后一句：在第二段中，But that is not why the government - under pressure from .... party - has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. 纵然原句意思为“这并不是政府同意针对香烟的包装立法”;在第三段中“Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habits even by a fraction is worth trying”，在英国由于吸烟而导致早产儿大批死亡，英国政府帮这些老烟枪们改变吸烟的嗜好的任何尝试都是值得的;因此，答案就尤为明显了，因此补办选出答案A：“英国政府就香烟包装的标准化通过了法案”。

　　48. [B]

　　解析：答案定位在第三段的第三句“this approach has led over time to a fall in smoking numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road.”这一方法使得吸烟者数量锐减，尤其是在澳大利亚而言，这一方法颇见成效。这样选项B就尤其明显了。

　　49. [A]

　　解析：答案定位在第四段“David Cameron’s election campaign........(David Cameron denied...in legislative program me)”及最后一句话中“now we are told Members of .......is dissolved in March”。在特殊符号里“括号”中，首相Cameron否认在其顾问在外的经济利益与法案改变之间有联系，并在最后一句中指出将会让国会议员投票。由此答案就尤为明显，可以定位到A选项。

　　50. [C]

　　解析：答案定位在第四段的最后一句“his attitude to state intervention... checkouts fueled obesity”，答案由“checkouts fueled obesity”体现：“检测出导致肥胖”。由此，答案选C。

　　Section C

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　What a waste of money! In return for an average of £44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from £1,000 to $9,000 in the last decade. But contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.

　　No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more that elaborate com-tricks (骗术). There’s a lot for students to complain about the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduals have to start repaying their loans, and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.

　　Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back, you only start repaying when you are earning £21, 000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university, studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.

　　Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vulturous (兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.

　　Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything .Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.

　　51. What is the author’s opinion of going to university?

　　A) It is worthwhile after all.

　　B) It is simply a waste of time.

　　C) It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.

　　D) It is too expensive for most young people.

　　52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?

　　A) Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.

　　B) It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.

　　C) Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.

　　D) Most of them take jobs which don’t require a college degree.

　　53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?

　　A) Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.

　　B) Practical skills they will need in their future careers.

　　C) Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.

　　D) Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.

　　54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?

　　A) Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.

　　B) Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.

　　C) Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.

　　D) Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.

　　55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A) It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.

　　B) Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.

　　C) University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.

　　D) The prestige of the university influences employers’ recruitment decisions.

　　51. [A]

　　本题问的是作者的观点。文都英语老师希望大家记住，任何时候，问谁的观点就只能找谁的观点，千万不能偷换主语。像这种观点态度题，一般在文章的结尾出现、或者是通过作者的用词的字里行间来体现。在第三段的段尾指出，研究表明上过大学的学生们不仅在大学里面受益，而且他们通常会比没上过大学的学生更加健康和快乐。从这句话能看出，作者对上大学还是持一种赞成的态度的。所以选A项。

　　52. [D]

　　本题根据题干中的专有名词British可以回到原文定位至第一段，在第一段的文末，作者说：大学毕业不能保证一个很好的工作，60%的人从事的工作都和他们之前的专业不相关。这和D选项为近义表达。

　　53. [C]

　　根据题干中的关键词可以定位至第三段的倒数第二句话，教育是学生在讲座和研讨会之间的互相学习。而讲座和研讨会是在课堂之外的，所以这和C选项的含义相近。

　　54. [B]

　　关于上大学的好处，这在第四段的第四句话有提到，“学生在大学里有可能会遇到以后可能会处于领导地位的人”，这和B选项的“遇见那些未来对你会有帮助的人”含义相同。

　　55. [D]

　　本题为推理题，切记推理题一定要是自己推理出来的，原文中已有的，或者是推的太远的选项都是不对的。在最后一段的第一句话中，作者有说“也许为什么许多大学没有教给他们学生许多东西的原因是，他们知道即使学生什么都没有学到，但是在一个学校里学习，就是对未来的一个美好的投资”。这句话的表达和D项含义相近。