2020年6月大学英语六级阅读理解精选习题十五
来源 :中华考试网 2020-03-12
中Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are
already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human su'pervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, " says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. "
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of .the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain' s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented--and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can' t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.
36. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in
A. the use of machines to produce science fiction
B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry
C.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
D. the elite' s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
37. The word "gizmos" ( Line 1, Paragraph 2 ) most probably means
A. programs
B. experts
C. devices
D. creatures
38. According to the text, what is beyond man' s ability now is to design a robot that can
A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
B. interact with human beings verbally
C. have a little common sense
D. respond independently to a changing world
39. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also
A. make a few decisions for themselves
B. deal with some errors with human intervention
C. improve factory environments
D. cultivate human creativity
40. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are
A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately
C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
D. best used in a controlled environment
答案及解析
36.C
【命题目的】此题考查考生对文首细节的捕捉。
【解题要点】解题的关键在于准确理解句话的含义，句中并没有强调the elite精英人才，只提到“people have devised cunning tools”， 因此排除选项D精英人才机智地应付危险和枯燥的工作，而A、B两 项都不符合题中initially初、早这一要求，故选C。
37.C
【命题目的】此题考查考生依据上下文推测词义的能力。
【解题要点】本题要判断gizmos这一单词的含义，由段提到ro-botics，而“conferring human capabilities oll machines”与修饰gizmos的 定语从句中remove，much human labor相照应，联系上下文句意，giz-mos应该是与机器人有关，因此排除A、B、D，选c。
38.D
【命题目的】此题考查对文章细节的捕捉。
【解题要点】A强调“fulfill delicate tasks”，第二段后一句指出，已经 有机器人系统，能完成某些大脑或骨科外科手术，因此排除A;B强 调与人进行言语上的交流，第二段第三句则指出“automated teller ter-minals”可以“thank US with mechanical politeness”，因此8亦被排除; C强调“have a little common sense”，从第三段Dave Lavery的话可以 看出，机器人不是没有common sense，而是没有enough common sense，排除C;只有D符合第三段原意，机器人尚不能“reliably inter-act with a dynamic world”。
39.B
【命题目的】此题考查对文章细节的捕捉。
【解题要点】由第三段句可以看出，机器人尚不能“make at least a few decisions for themselves”，故排除A自己作一些决定。C、D在文 中根本没有出现这样的字眼，可不予考虑，而在第三段中，由“We know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”可得出8项正确。40.C
【命题目的】此题考查对细节进行推理的能力。
【解题要点】本题monkey一词出现在第五段第三句，由“the human mind Can…immediately disregard the 98%that is irrelevant.Instantane-ously focusing on the monkey…”，可看出，这里谈的是人脑能迅速捕捉相关信息，而忽略无关信息，由第四句“the most advanced computer systems on Earth Can’t approach that kind of ability”，可知，先进的计算机系统都不能有这样的能力，故选C。A、B、D三项都与此例无关，可排除。
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