2019年6月英语六级阅读练习：抑郁

　　After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking other students for answers.

　　What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www. ulifeline, org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college IDs.

　　“It’s a very solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need,” said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago.

　　The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus.

　　The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression.

　　Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the offline service can even play out as a negative. “There is no substitute for personal interaction,” said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington.

　　Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. “The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places,” said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline.

　　Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it “a knowledge base” that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. “If Jed’s friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen something,” she said.

　　16.The son of Mr. and Mrs. Satow is mentioned to

　　[A] introduce the topic of a website called Ulifeline

　　[B] show the suffering of Mr. and Mrs. Satow

　　[C] describe the Satows’ confusion over their son’s death

　　[D] report the suicide of a young man

　　17. Why do many colleges adopt the website Ulifeline?

　　[A] It provides their students with campus information

　　[B] It offers medical treatment to students in mental disorder

　　[C] It encourages their students to seek advice about depression

　　[D] It gives their students various help they may need

　　18. Which of the following is true of Go Ask Alice?

　　[A] It is a kind of side effect caused by some prescription drugs.

　　[B] It counsels college students on mental problems

　　[C] It is a collection of medical responses from students the world over

　　[D] It describes the various signs of mental disorders

　　19. The sentence “Yet it is…the service is.”(Line 1, Para. 6) shows that

　　[A] a therapist’s office is the first place for the depressed to go.

　　[B] the help given by the web service is doubtful.

　　[C] doctors have expressed a negative view of the service.

　　[D] only actual therapist can ensure adequate treatment.

　　20. To which of the following is Mrs. Satow likely to agree?

　　[A] Jed’s friends can prevent her son’s death

　　[B] Her son’s suicide is unavoidable

　　[C] Ulifeline is a worthwhile website

　　[D] Depression is the final cause of suicides

　　语境词汇

　　1.de-stigmatize v.减少歧视

　　2.anorexia n.食欲减退，厌食

　　3.anonymous a.匿名的

　　4.side effect 副作用

　　5.archive n.档案文件vt.存档

　　6.suicidology n.自杀学

　　难句突破

　　1.“It’s a very solid website (that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need),” said Paul Grayson, {the director of counseling services at New York University}, (which started using the service nearly a year ago).

　　【分析】复合句。主句的宾语是直接引语，包含that引导的定语从句，修饰website;the director of…作Paul Grayson的同位语，之后which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰New York University。

　　【译文】Paul Grayson认为，“这是一个很不错的网站，它能提高对自杀的警惕，减少对精神疾病的歧视，鼓励人们寻求帮助，”他是纽约大学的咨询服务部主任，一年前开始使用该网站的服务。

　　2.The main component (of the website) is the Self-E-Valuator, {a self-screening program (developed by Duke University Medical Center) (that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence).}

　　【分析】复合句，本句的主干结构是The main component is the Self-E-Valuator。a self-screening program…是Self-E-Valuator的同位语，其中developed by…过去分词短语作定语，that引导的定语从句修饰program，该定语从句又包含whether引导的宾语从句。

　　【译文】该网站的主要组成部分是Self-E-Valuator，这是杜克大学医疗中心开发的一种自测的软件，帮助学生判断是否有抑郁、自杀、厌食和药物依赖这类危险。

　　3.The site provides university users with links (to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice), {a vast archive (developed by Columbia University) [with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide].}

　　【分析】简单句，本句的主干结构是The site provides university users with links。to local…Go Ask Alice作links的定语，a vast archive…作Go Ask Alice的同位语。

　　【译文】网站给大学生用户提供当地医疗服务链接，一份处方药及其副效应的目录，以及“询问爱丽丝”的接入，“询问爱丽丝”是一个由哥伦比亚大学开发的巨大的档案库，含有数百个对世界各地大学生匿名咨询的答复。

　　本文主要论述了Ulifeline这一网站给学生提供的帮助。第一段举了Phil Satow夫妇二十岁儿子自缢身亡的例子，第二至第五段主要论述Ulifeline的组成及功能;最后三段是对网站的评价。

　　答案解析

　　16.【题眼】首段、段首句设题

　　【解析】选[A]。推理判断题。第一段说到Satow一家的事情，接着第二段就进入讨论主题Ulifeline，所以答案为[A]。

　　17.【题眼】定语从句设题

　　【解析】选[C]。事实细节题。依据第二段首句定语从句where后的内容，可以知道大学使用该网站的目的是鼓励学生上网咨询自己的精神抑郁等问题，所以答案为[C]。第二段尾句提到网站上有学校信息，但这并不是学校使用该网站的原因，排除[A];根据第七段首句，网站咨询不能代替真正的治疗师，排除[B];[D]范围太广泛，网站不可能给学生提供各种各样的帮助。

　　18.【题眼】例证处设题

　　【解析】选[B]。事实细节题。依据第五段首句Go Ask Alice是一个由哥伦比亚大学开发的巨大的档案库，含有数百个对世界各地大学生匿名咨询的答复。结合上文可知Go Ask Alice是一个给学生提供健康咨询的档案库，所以答案为[B]。[A]本身说法错误;文中只是说档案库包含匿名咨询的答复，没有说是medical response，排除[C];[D]文中没有提及。

　　19.【题眼】首句设题

　　【解析】选[D]。语义理解题。依据文章第六、七段的内容可知，网站固然可以提供咨询，但真正充分的治疗还得需要理疗师，因此[D]为正确选项。

　　20.【题眼】尾段设题

　　【解析】选[C]。推理判断题。根据末段的意思可以推测，Mrs.Satow一定非常认可该网站，所以答案[C]。

　　全文翻译

　　五年前的寒假，Donna和Phil Satow夫妇就读于亚利桑纳大学的20岁的儿子自缢身亡，从那以后，夫妻俩就一直想知道自己忽略了什么迹象，也向儿子的同学打听。

　　[16]深刻的思索让人注意到了Ulifeline (www. Ulifeline. org)，[17]大学生们可在学校登录该网址咨询关于抑郁的问题。120多所高校使用该网址，并增添了些学校信息，130多万大学生用学生证在该网站注册。

　　Paul Grayson认为，“这是一个很不错的网站，它能提高对自杀的警惕，减少对精神疾病的歧视，鼓励人们寻求帮助，”他是纽约大学的咨询服务部主任，一年前开始使用该网站的服务。

　　该网站的主要组成部分是Self-E-Valuator，这是杜克大学医疗中心开发的一种自测的软件，帮助学生判断是否有抑郁、自杀、厌食和药物依赖这类危险。除了帮助学生，网站还汇编了学生的匿名数据，以便学校了解校园内的精神健康状况。

　　网站给大学生用户提供当地医疗服务链接，一份处方药及其副效应的目录，以及“询问爱丽丝”的接入，[18]“询问爱丽丝”是一个由哥伦比亚大学开发的巨大的档案库，含有数百个对世界各地大学生匿名咨询的答复。对那些为朋友担心的学生来说，网站还有一个部分介绍自杀和抑郁的种种征兆。

　　[19]然而很难评估这种服务的效果，匿名在线服务甚至会起到消极作用，位于华盛顿的美国自杀协会执行主任Dr. Lanny Berman就说，“这种网站咨询不能代替互动的当面咨询。”

　　[19]Ulifeline将首先承认，网站咨询不能代替真正的理疗师。Ulifeline的执行主任Ron Gibori说，“我们的目的是帮助学生发现抑郁倾向，然后指导他们到合适的地方治疗。”

　　[20]Mrs. Satow仍然关注着Ulifeline，她称之为“知识库”，这个网站本可以阻止她儿子Jed的死亡。她说，“如果Jed的同学知道抑郁的倾向，他们本可以发现Jed的问题。”