Lecture 1

　　Government’s private groups and indivisuals spend billions of dollars a year trying to route out non-native organisms that are considered dangerous to ecosystems and to prevent the introduction of new intruders。

　　(16)But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can nevr be acceptable in a natural ecosystem。

　　They say that portraying introduced species as inherently bad is an unscientific approach。 (17)“Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial”， said Dr。 Michael Rosenspeek， a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Arizona。

　　“Because they depend on pegging a date and calling the plans on animals that show up after the date， exotic。”

　　Ecosystems free of species to find as exotic are by default consider the most natural。

　　“You can’t roll back the clock and remove all the exotics or fix habitats，” Dr。 Rosenspeek said， “Both native and exotic species can become invasive，and so they all have to be monitored and controlled when they begin to get out of the hand ”

　　At its core， the debate is about how to manage the world’s remaining natural ecosystems and how and how much to restore other habitats。

　　Species that invade a territory can harm ecosystems， agriculture and human health。

　　They can threaten some native species or even destroy and replace others。

　　Next habitat loss， these evasive species represents the greatest threat to bio-diversity worldwide， many ecologists say。

　　Ecologists generally define an alien species as one that people accidentally or deliberately carried to its new location。

　　Across the American continents， exotic species are those introduced after the first European contact。

　　That date rounded of to 15 AD， represents what ecologist considered to have been a major shift in the spread of species including crops and life stock as they began to migrate with humans from continent to continent。

　　(18)“Only a small percentage of alien species calls problems in their new habitats，”said Don Smith， professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Univiersity of Tenacy。

　　“Of the 7000 alien species in the United States， out of a total of 150 species， only about 10% are invasive，” he pointed out， “The other 90% have fit into their environments and are considered naturalized。 ”

　　“Yet appearances can deceive， ”ecologiest caution， “and many these exotics may be considered acceptable only because no one has documented their harmful affects

　　What is more， non native species can appear harmless then turn invasive。”

　　16.What assumption about introduced species is challenged by a number of scientists?

　　17.What does Dr。 Michael Rosenspeek think of exotic native species ?

　　18。 What does Professor Don Smith say about alien species?

　　Lecture 2

　　Good morning， ladies and gentlemen。 And welcome to the third in our cities of business seminars in the program doing business abroad。 19.Today we are going to look for different culture awareness。 That is the fact that not everyone is in British。 Not everyone speaks in English and not everyone does business in the British way。 And why should they? If overseas business people are selling to us and they will make every effort to speak English and to expect our tradition methods。 It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them。 It is not only polite but it is central if we want to sell British projects overseas。

　　First， a short quiz。 Let’s see how to in cultivate where we are。 Question one ： where must you not drink alcohol in the first and second of every month。 Question two： Where should you never admire your host positions? Question three： how should you attract the waiter during the business lunch in banquet。 And question four： Where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2 or after 5：30 pm ?

　　Okay， everyone has the chance to make some notes。 Right， here are the answers。 Although I’m sure the information could equally well apply to countries other than your chosen。 So No.1 ， you must long drink alcohol in the first and second in Indian。 20.And in that hotels you may find that served but if you had a meal with an Indian colleague。 Remember to avoid asking for a beer。 No.2 ， In other countries， the politeness in general society is that people without power all。 If you admire your colleague beautiful golden bowls you may well find yourself being present with them 。This is not the cheat yourself way ，however， as your host will find the equal words and beauty。 In Thailand， keeping the fingers clapping your hands or shouting at the waiter will embarrass your hosts， fellow diners， waiter himself most of all-you 。Place you palm down to make an implicit gesture and sacrificing the results 。21.And finally， in Spain ， some businesses may stay working until 2 o’clock and returning to the office from 5：30 to 8 or 9 in the evening 。

　　19.What should you do when you do business with foreigners?

　　20.What you must avoid doing with your Indian colleague?

　　21.What do we learn about some Spanish people?

　　Recording Three

　　Shortly after he took over the Reader‘s Digest Association in 1984， (22)George Grune unlocked the company’s boardroom and announced that the room was now open to the employees。 It was a symbolic act， indicating that under Grune’s leadership， Reader’s Digest was going to be different。 True to his word， Grune has shaken up the culture here。 To get an idea of the culture we‘re talking about， consider the boardroom Grune opened up， it has artworks that any museum in the world would want to collect， paintings by many world famous artists like Monet and Picasso。

　　Its headquarters’ houses sum 3，000 works of art.The Main building is topped with a Georgian Tower with four sculptures of the mythical winged horse， the magazine corporate logo。 It sits on 127 acres of well trimmed lawns。 The editor’s office used to be occupied by founder Dewitt Wallace， who along with his wife Lila Acheson Wallace， launched Reader’s Digest in 1922 with condensed articles from other publications.It has become the world‘s most widely read magazine， selling 28 million copies each month in 17 languages and 41 different editions。 The Wallaces， both children of church ministers， had a clearly defined formula for their little magazine。 As Reader’s Digest was originally subtitled， (23)articles were to be short， readable and uplifting。 Subjects were picked to inspire or entertain。 The Wallaces didn’t accept advertising in the US edition until 1955 and even then they didn‘t allow any ads for cigarettes， liquor or drugs。 The Wallaces also had a clear sense of the kind of workplace they wanted。 It started as a mama and papa operation and the childless Wallaces always considered employees to be part of their family.Employees still tell stories of how the Wallaces would take care of their employees who had met with misfortunes and they showered their employees with unusual benefits like a turkey on Thanksgiving and Fridays off in May。 (25)This cozy workplace is no longer exists here.The Wallaces both died in their nineties in the early 1981s。 George Grune， a former ad salesman who joined Reader’s Digest in 1960 has his eyes focused on the bottom line。 In a few short years， (25)he turned the magazine on its head， he laid off several hundred workers， especially hard hit where the blue and paint color departments such as subscription fulfillment。

　　Question 22。 What did George Grune do in 1984?

　　Question 23。 How did the Wallaces find the formula for Reader’s Digest?

　　Question24。 What do we learn about the founder of Reader’s Digest Dewitt Wallace?

　　Question 25。 What change took place in Reader‘s Digest after the Wallaces death?