2019年大学英语四级写作中如何使用谚语

　　语言源于生活，源于劳动人民在生活和劳作中约定俗成的交流习惯，谚语更是从中提炼出来的精华，寓意深刻，富有哲理和智慧。谚语的主要特点是言简意赅，用日常生活中的具体事例来说明带有普遍意义的道理。不论是中文还是英文都有着数以万计的谚语，在英语写作中，正确使用谚语对提高写作水平有着很大的帮助，为所创作的文章起到画龙点精的作用。尤其是在四级英语临场考试中， 谚语的使用能够使作文语言流畅，生动活泼，处处闪现亮彩。恰到好处的谚语不仅能体现考生扎实的英语语言功底，丰富的英文知识，灵活的语言表达能力，而且更容易使作文从众多同题文章中脱颖而出，获得写作高分。

　　标题

　　谚语在作文中出现的位置比较灵活，可根据具体情景的需要加以设计。除四级考试给定试题以外，如要求自行拟订题目，英语谚语短句是很好的选择。谚语用句短小精悍、音韵和谐、琅琅上口，并且语义直白，寓意深刻，让人一目了然。例如一些简洁的谚语短句，都可以用来作为文章标题：

　　While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

　　Great hopes make great man. 伟大的理想造就伟大的人。

　　God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

　　In doing we learn. 实践长才干。

　　Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。

　　Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。

　　Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。

　　Lifeless, faultless. 只有死人才不犯错误。

　　A bold attempt is half success. 勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。

　　Never say die. 永不言败。

　　Never judge from appearances. 不可以貌取人。

　　Promise is debt. 一诺千金。

　　论证

　　行文中，谚语可以作为论点，出现在起首句位置，总领论据;也可以在阐明论点的过程中作为论据，支持立论，使论点有出处，论据强而有力，引经据典说服力强。其中包括传统训言警句、名人名言，以及对中文格言的翻译使用。

　　[经典谚语]

　　Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. 脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。Storms make trees take deeper roots. 风暴使树木深深扎根。

　　Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 心之所愿，无所不成。

　　Good company on the road is the shortest cut. 行路有良伴就是捷径。

　　Misfortunes never come alone/single. 祸不单行。

　　Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. 不经灾祸不知福。

　　It's never too late to mend. 过而能改，善莫大焉;亡羊补牢，犹未晚也。

　　Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. 无热情成就不了伟业。

　　Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更响亮。

　　One today is worth two tomorrows. 一个今天胜似两个明天。

　　Knowing something of everything and everything of something. 通百艺而专一长。

　　Good advice is beyond all price. 忠告是无价宝。

　　[名人名言]

　　Genius is one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration. 天才是一分灵感加九十九分血汗。—— Edison爱迪生

　　Human pride is human weakness. 骄傲乃人类之弱点。—— M. B. Eddy 艾迪

　　It is better to be faithful than famous. 守信用胜过有名气。—— T. Roosevelt 罗斯福

　　If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?——P. B. Shelley 雪莱

　　Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。—— F. Bacon 培根

　　Life is like a box of chocolate. 生活就像一盒巧克力。—— 《阿甘正传》

　　Money is a good servant and a bad master. 金钱是善仆,也是恶主。——F. Bacon 培根

　　Speech is silver, but silence is gold. 雄辩是银,沉默是金。—— T. Carlyle 卡莱尔

　　[中文格言]

　　When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。

　　(Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you live.)

　　What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts. 失之东隅，收之桑榆。(Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average; if you have bad luck on one day you

　　have good on another; if one venture results in loss try a fresh one---it may succeed.)

　　What are the odds so long as you are happy. 知足者常乐。

　　(Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.)

　　Entertain an angel unawares. 有眼不识泰山。

　　(Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his merits.)

　　Every dog has his day . 是人皆有出头日。

　　(Explanation: fortune comes to each in turn.)

　　Every potter praises his own pot. 王婆买瓜，自卖自夸。

　　(Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or their family members.)

　　连接词

　　连接词写中文作文时,我们想引用俗语谚语时,一般都有"所谓"; "古语有云"; "曾听过一句话" ;"有一谚语是这样说的...."等说法，以此来做自然衔接。转折词(transitional words)扮演的重要角色是：承先启后，使句子紧凑，段落相吸，对文章结构，有良性作用。如果没有采用转折词的习惯，就会使文句松散，上下文七零八乱，应试中应注意避免。

　　常见句型有：

　　Just as the saying goes...

　　As the proverb goes...

　　As the old saying goes...

　　A saying goes like this...

　　除了句型衔接转折以外，很多常用字词能在句与句之间、段与段之间起到点睛作用。主要转折词归类分列如下，在应试文中可加以参考，多多安插使用。

　　(1) 表示“尤有进者”：again; also; then; besides; further; furthermore; moreover; next;

　　in addition, etc.

　　例如：Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.

　　English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.

　　(2) 表示“反意见”：but; however; still; yet; after all; for all that; in spite of; on the

　　contrary; on the other hand, etc.

　　例如：Jim is intelligent but lazy.

　　Singapore is not a big country. On the contrary, it is very small.

　　(3) 表示“因果关系”：therefore; so; hence; thus; accordingly; consequently; as a

　　result, etc.

　　例如：Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.

　　Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.

　　(4) 表示“比较”：likewise; similarly; in a like manner, etc.

　　例如：You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.

　　No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.

　　(5) 表示“举例示范”：for example; in other words; for instance; that is, etc.

　　例如：There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he"

　　to replace "the queen".

　　(6) 表示“结束”：to sum up; in brief; in short; on the whole; to conclude, etc.

　　例如：Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.

　　常用谚语

　　另外，在行文写作中，注意使用一些常用谚语，可以使笔法自然，简洁明了。更加符合英文表达方式和习惯。考生们在平时要多积累类似的语句，熟练掌握，以便应试时游刃有余地恰当选用。常用的英语谚语如下：

　　in everyone’s mouth. 脍炙人口

　　to kick against the pricks 螳臂挡车

　　to give the last measure of devotion 鞠躬尽瘁

　　to suffer for one’s wisdom 聪明反被聪明误

　　to convert defeat into victory 转败为胜

　　beyond one’s grasp 鞭长莫及

　　to be severe with oneself and lenient with others 严以责己宽以待人

　　a heart of steel 铁石心肠

　　to be guided by destiny 听天由命

　　to harp on the same string 旧调重弹

　　It’s a matter of time . 这是迟早的问题。

　　You can count on me. 你可以信得过我。

　　He see things not people. 他论事不论人。

　　We sang the same songs. 我们志同道合。

　　Man proposes and god disposes. 谋事在人成事在天。

　　Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

　　I'm trying to make ends meet. 我尽力要使收支平衡。

　　If you wish to be the best man, you must suffer the bitterest of the bitter. 吃得苦中苦, 方为人上人。

　　Self-trust is the first secret of success. 自信心是成功的首要关键。

　　The secret of success is constancy of purpose. 成功的秘绝在于目标坚定有恒。