发生，出现，产生：

　　take place

　　e.g. Other actions associated with the milestone may take place during normal operations, and not only when an exception occurs. 与此里程碑关联的其他动作可能在正常运营期间发生，而并不只是出现在发生异常时。

　　occur

　　e.g. Food shortages often occur in time of war. 在战争期间常常发生粮食短缺的情形。

　　arise

　　e.g. New problems arose imperceptibly. 新问题不知不觉地产生

　　bring about

　　e.g. The economic reform brought about great change in the lives of the common people. 经济改革在老百姓生活方面带来巨大的变化。

　　create

　　e.g. They have painted it red to create a feeling of warmth. 他们把它刷成红色遗以产生一种温暖的感觉。

　　cause

　　e.g. The resignation of the prime minister will cause much confusion. 首相的辞职将引起很大混乱。

　　emerge

　　e.g. A large number of independent African countries emerge at a historic moment. 一大批非洲独立国家应运而生。

　　turn out

　　e.g. Our university has turned out some world-famous scientists. 我们学校已造就出了若干名名闻世界的科学家。

　　work out

　　e.g. The situation worked out quite well. 情况到最后相当不错。