2020年大学英语四级词汇与语法练习题八
来源 :中华考试网 2020-03-09
中1. Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _____ too much at he party last night.
A could drink B should drink
C would have drunk D must have drunk
【答案】D
解析：must have done表示对过去肯定推测，句意“他昨晚在派对上一定喝多了”。
2. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _____ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be
C.has been D.would have been
【答案】B
解析：If从句中的had spend暗示从句是跟过去事实相反的，而主句中的now暗示主句跟现在事实相反，故用would do句意：如果他从前花店时间练习英语口语，他现在就能说得好多了。
3. I can't find my purse. I ____ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
解析：句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语从句yesterday 可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+have done, 再根据后句but I'm not sure. 可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could, 表示"可能"。故选D。
本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done;如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。
第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。
4. It's strange that he _____ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
解析：句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书，在句型"It is important / necessary / strange / impossible / natural that..."，其中由that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should 可以省略。故选B。
It is important / necessary / strange / impossible / natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。) It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。)
5. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _____ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
解析：句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：
1.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。
2.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
3.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
6. In today's information age, the loss of data _____ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should
C. can D. must
【答案】C
解析：句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该，竟然;must必须，肯定。
can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会;2. (表示推测)可能，可能会;3.(表示允许，请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。
7. They might have found a better hotel if they _____ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive
C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
解析：句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用 would / might / could / should+do;
2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would / might / could / should+have done;
3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do / should do / 一般过去时，主句用would / might / could / should+do。
8. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
解析：句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
9. It ____ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A.may B.couldn't
C.should D.needn't
【答案】B
解析：由语境“因为你知道很多词汇”可知，“你练习中的问题不可能是词汇量不够造成的”，故用couldn’t表示否定推测，意思是“不可能”。
10. I ____ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A.went B.had gone
C.would go D.would have gone
【答案】D
解析：前一分句使用了含蓄条件虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句应该用would have done结构。完整表达是：I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night if I had been available。
此题可以根据but I was not available.这个事实，判断前面的句子是与事实不符的，用虚拟语气。
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