Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.

　　Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.

　　The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.

　　While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.

　　“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”

　　An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”

　　Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”

　　Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.

　　46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

　　A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.

　　B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.

　　C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.

　　D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.

　　47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

　　A) Bargain with the city council.

　　B) Refuse to pay additional tax.

　　C) Take legal action against it.

　　D) Try to win public support.

　　48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

　　A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.

　　B) It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.

　　C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.

　　D) It criticized the measure through advertising.

　　49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

　　A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.

　　B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.

　　C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.

　　D) Benefit low-income people across the country.

　　50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?

　　A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.

　　B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.

　　C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.

　　D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.

　　解析：

　　46. 根据题干中的定位词及专有名词newly approved soda tax; Philadelphia回文快速定位到文章中的第2段，根据第2段的信息可得出费城新的法案的 通 过为全国类似法案设立了新的标准，并证明对含糖饮料进行征税能够赢得大量的支持。比对四个选项，A选项改变许多消费者的生活方式在第二段中未提及，无中生有，C选项在低收入社区减少汽水的消耗文中第二段也未提及，D选项可能影响汽水行业的营销策略，文中也没有提及，B选项鼓励美国其他城市跟着做，与第二段文意相符，故选择B选项。

　　47. 本题问的是“反对者可能会如何回应对汽水征税的提案?”，根据题干中的定位词opponents; soda tax proposal定位至第四段：尽管市政府投票在议事厅获得了赞扬支持，但是反对者对此作出尖锐的批评，并承诺在法院质疑这项征税。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思，可以确定选项C Take legal action against it.为本题的正确答案。选项A、B、D在文中均未提及，属于无中生有选项。

　　48. 根据题干中的定位词industry-backed anti-tax campaign回文定位该题至文中第6段：反对征税的活动花费至少400万美元在广告宣传上，通过广告对此法案进行批判，根据这两句话结合四个选项的意思，可以确定选项D It criticized the measure through advertising.为原文的同义替换。

　　49. 根据题干定位词public health groups回文定位该题至文中第7段：Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans.文中applaud一词为赞同，称赞的含义，比对该题四个选项，可以确定B Help people to fix certain long-term health issues.为文中信息的同义替换。

　　50. 根据题干信息“similar measures”，定位至文中第8段“Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues.”根据原文的定位信息可得知在其他城市的类似法案的 通过成为敏感(hot-button)话题。结合四个选项可以确定A They are becoming rather sensitive issues.为原文的同义替换。