2018年英语四级阅读理解题库：计算机技能

　　There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine(内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy(读写能力);it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.

　　Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities, A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have c hosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin making.

　　Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more“user?friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer”mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.

　　In fact,“learning to use a computer”is much more like“learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.

　　这是篇议论文，主要讨论了掌握计算机技能的问题。

　　1. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _______.

　　A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer science

　　B) be aware of how the things that they use do what they do

　　C) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills

　　D) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car

　　2. In the second paragraph “violin?making”is mentioned to show that _______ .

　　A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin

　　B) our society needs experts in different fields

　　C) violin making requires as much skill as computer programming

　　D) people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer program-ming

　　3. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _______ .

　　A) programs are becoming less complicated

　　B) programs are designed to be convenient to users

　　C) programming is becoming easier and easier

　　D) programs are becoming readily available to computer users

　　4. According to the author,the phrase“learning to use a computer”(Lines3,4,Para.3)means learning _______.

　　A) a set of rules B) the fundamentals of computer science

　　C) specific programs D) general principles of programming

　　5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is _______.

　　A) to stress the impact of the computer on society

　　B) to explain the concept of computer literacy

　　C) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow

　　D) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job

　　参考答案及解析

　　1、[答案及分析]：[C]是文章第2段的意思：学习使用计算机并非学习编制计算机程序。必须使得将来的合格的公民对学习计算机不再有畏惧感。这并不是要求人们都应该懂得如何编程，那是以编制序为职业的人的事。

　　2、[答案及分析]：[D]第2段的意思是：尽管编制程序可能很有趣味，尽管社会需要有人精通编程，如同需要有人精通修理汽车和制造小提琴。但是，学习计算机并非要求大家都学会编程，正如我们只需会开车就行，不必懂得修理汽车;只需会使用小提琴，而不必了解如何制作小提琴。故而D项正确。

　　3、[答案及分析]：[B]依据为第3段第1句话。

　　4、[答案及分析]：[C]该题具有一定难度，关键在于对第3段最后两句话的正确理解：何谓“学习使用计算机”?“学习使用计算机”听起来(sound like)跟“学习开车”一样，似乎(as if)只要掌握了一些确定的技巧就能学会使用它。在第4段，作者又说：其实(in fact)，“学习使用计算机”更像“学习玩游戏”，掌握了一种游戏的规则并不能使你会玩另一种游戏，因为两种游戏的规则不同……。只能教一个人使用这种或那种程序，而这一般都能比较容易地做到。

　　5、[答案及分析]：[B]主旨题。文章的主旨应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容，面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。根据这一原则，只有B项才能概括全文要说明的问题。A、C、D都是作者在讨论computer literacy这一问题时所涉及的几个方面，而并非中心内容，故可排除。