2016年6月英语四级全真模拟题(5)
来源 :中华考试网 2016-05-28
中2016年6月英语四级全真模拟题(5)
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “ dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for”is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.
A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly
C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend
D) is sorry that his friends let him down
22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.
A) is just being friendly
B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”
C) is humorous to apply the word “dog”to people
D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words
23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.
A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye
B) to listen to how he pronounces his words
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.
“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.
A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B) feels he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly
C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend
D) is sorry that his friends let him down
22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.
A) is just being friendly
B) expresses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”
C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to people
D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words
23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.
A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye
B) to listen to how he pronounces his words
C) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture
D) not to believe what he says
24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.
A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaning
B) get along well with people
C) trust what other people say
D) have no doubts about our friends
25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.
A) avoid mistakes about both money and people
B) say things elegantly
C) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you
D) keep people friendly without trusting them
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
26.The stages of sleep take on ____.
A) an irregular aspect. B) a regular aspect C) a punctual aspect D) a similar aspect
27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.
A) about 80 minutes
B) about 4060 minutes
C) about 30 munutes
D) about 2040 minutes
28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.
A) stage 1 B) stage 2 and stage 3 C) stage 4 D) REM sleep
29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.
A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop movingD) gaze
30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.
A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutes
B) you have the deepest sleep
C) there are no brain waves
D) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.
The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player: the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19thcentury craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled: it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.
31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.
A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known
B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found
C) any one decision at any point along the way to the goal can bring numerous possible results
D) both A and C
32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____.
A) to trap the opponent's lenses
B) to focus light with lenses
C) to handmake lenses at low cost
D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces
33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.
A) the principles of designing lenses
B) techniques of making contact lenses
C) the design of photographic lenses
D) styles of lenses
34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?
A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. D) Unpopular.
35.Lens designers today ____.
A) have a large source of help to fall back on B) receive a low salary
C) are less respectable than those of the past D) are not decisive in the lens design
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.
The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
In Part Ⅱ,a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.
Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
36.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
A) a technical writing handbook B) a handbook on composition
C) a book on a literary writing D) a scientific paper
37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
B) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
C) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
D) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
A) the chapter on Organization B) the chapter on Style
C) the chapter on Special Problems D) the chapter on Proposals
39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition B) Part Ⅱ of the second edition
C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition
40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.____ allow the vegetable to go bad, he sold them at half price.
A) More than B) Rather than C) Other than D) Better than
42.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical ____.
A) facilities B) appliances C) instruments D) equipment
43.He ____ him what he asked.
A) denied B) refuted vC) ignored D) deprived
44.The book does not ____ children.
A) submit to B) appeal to C) confess to D) consent to
45.We have every size of shoe in ____.
A) storing B) stock C) sale D) shop
46.I ____ this man with receiving stolen goods.
A) accuse B) charge C) scold D) blame
47.You've made a mistake—you've ____ the word.
A) left out B) left off C) left behind D) left for
48.Scientists first ____ the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.
A) competed B) conceived C) consumed D) concealed
49.You may take an oral or written exam ____ what you prefer.
A) according as B) according to C) accordingly D) in accord
50.The desks and seats can be ____ to the height of any child.
A) adopted B) shifted C) adjusted D) corrected
51.No further discussion ____ , the meeting was brought to a close.
A) arising B) raising C) arousing D) rising
52. ____ , the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago.
A) By and large B) In detail C) By no means D) By and by
53.Every man has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the colour of his skin.
A) regardless of B) prior to C) in case of D) for the sake of
54.The potato crop of 1946 was ____ that of 1945.
A) superior than B) superior to C) more superior to D) more superior than
55.Books are ____ to scholars.
A) indispensable B) indifferent C) bound to D) accustomed to
56. ____ such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.
A) To face with B) We are facing C) Faced with D) Facing with
57.Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.
A) were B) are C) is D) have been
58.Your hair needed ____ I am glad you had it cut.
A) cut B) cutting C) to cutD) being cut
59.Studying hard is more rewarding ____.
A) than to be lazy B) than being lazy C) than to be like a lazy person D) than it is to be lazy
60.The Latin class had twenty students, ____ had had much better language training than I.
A) most of which B) which C) most of them D) most of whom
61.I wish that he ____ to the movies with me yesterday.
A) went B) could go C) was gone D) could have gone
62. ____ , the more necessary it is to break it up into a number of parts which the reader can visualize.
A) The more complex a subject becomes
B) The more becomes a subject complex
C) A subject becomes the more complex
D) The more subjects become essential
63.Close the door, ____ ?
A) will you B) do you C) shall you D) don't you
64. ____ at the railway station when it began to rain.
A) Hardly had he arrived B) Hardly he had arrived
C) No sooner did he arrive D) No sooner arrived he
65.The storm ____ , they had to live in a cave.
A) has destroyed their hut B) to destroy their hut
C) having destroyed their hut D) being destroyed
66. ____ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.
A) Compared with B) Compared C) Comparing with D) Comparing
67.It was going to be some time ____ he would see his father again.
A) since B) when C) until D) before
68.He is younger than ____.
A) any other boy in the class B) any boy in the class
C) all boys in the class D) you and me as well as the class
69.The establishment of the company shall start from the day ____the business license of the company is issued.
A) which B) on which C) in which D) whenever
70.You ____ me because I didn't say that.
A) must misunderstand B) must be misunderstanding
C) must have misunderstood D) had to misunderstand
Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes) Directions:
In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
71. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly.(Passage 2, Para.2, the First Sentence)
72. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent (透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces.(Passage 3, Para.1, the Third Sentence)
73. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite.(Passage 3, Para.1,the Fifth Sentence)
74. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.(Passage 4,Para.2,the Last Sentence)
75.Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.(Passage 4, Para.4,the Last Sentence)
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Layoffs(下岗) in Stateowned Enterprises”. The first sentence is given to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should be included in your composition. You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
Layoffs in Stateowned Enterprises
1. 下岗是改革的需要;
2. 下岗会带来的问题;
3. 如何对待下岗所带来的问题;
答案 Part Ⅱ 1
短文大意
本文与我们日常生活关系十分密切。在与人交谈时，应该体会说话者真正的意思，而不应该只看表面意思，否则会造成误解。看一看说话者的表情、眼神、说话的腔调，以及站立(或坐)的姿势，看看这些是否与其语言相符合，这样将会避免误解。 21.答案B。
【参考译文】 作者回忆起与他的朋友之间发生的事情，他会……
【试题分析】 此题考查对第一段的理解。
【详细解答】 第一段倒数第二句说：“当我们回顾往事时，象这样的疑惑 (即猜不透他人 的真正意思 )会使我们感到糟糕。”据此以及第一段中的往事可推知当他回忆他和朋友之间 发生的几件事时，他感到可能没有觉察出朋友们对他的真正感情，故 B正确。
22.答案D。
【参考译文】 有人说“ You're a lucky dog.”时，他真正的含义是……
【试题分析】 此题考查结合上下文对句子的理解。
【详细解答】 第二段的倒数第四句说 lucky dog“有点嫉妒之意”，因“dog”有点贬低 人，故 D正确而C错。而“You're a lucky guy.”or“You're a lucky gal.”却表示友好之意，故A和B皆错。
23.答案C。
【参考译文】 听人说话时，重要的是把他所说的与他的表情、语调、姿势相对照。
【试题分析】 此题考查对最后一段的理解。
【详细解答】 见最后一段开头的几个问句。
24.答案A。
【参考译文】 要是你接受作者的建议，你会怎么做。
【试题分析】 此题考查对全文主旨的理解。
【详细解答】 由最后两句话可知，作者建议我们仔细掂量以确定对方的真正含义，所以 应选 A。
【作者建议】此题也可用排除法。
25.答案C。
【参考译文】 本文力图告诉你如何避免误解别人对你讲的话。
【试题分析】 此题考查对作者写作意图的了解。
【详细解答】 文章第一段举例说明我们在领会他人真正的意思上犯有错误， 接着举例 说明人们所说的话是怎样掩盖了他们真正的意思，最后一段告诉我们如何领会他人的真 正意思。全文都是围绕“如何领会他人暗含之意”展开的，据此可推知 C正确。
2
短文大意
本文所涉及的是关于睡眠的几个阶段及其在各处阶段的具体表现。一般睡眠经历四个时相(阶段)的循环，第一时相即刚入睡时，眼球运动较频繁，体温略有下降，肌肉松弛，呼吸减慢而更有规律。大脑波减慢在开始的几分钟之内以频率很高的快波为主，接着的半小时左右，从第二时相进入第三时相睡眠，身体更放松，然后再过40至60分钟会进入最深睡眠，即第四时相。第四时相的深度睡眠并不持续整个晚上，安睡80分钟后，大脑活动又会轻微加强，眼球开始在眼皮底下转动，这一阶段持续8——15分钟，称为快波睡眠，身体迅速放松，睡眠会又一次由第一时相到第四时相，80分钟之后再次回到即将醒来的状态。
26.答案B。
【参考译文】 睡眠的几个阶段呈现出……
【试题分析】 此题为理解题。
【详细解答】 文章的第二句告诉我们睡眠的不同阶段是周期性发生的，故睡眠的各阶段
呈现规则的一面。
27.答案D。
【参考译文】 第四阶段 (时相)睡眠持续时间为……
【试题分析】 此题为推理题。
【详细解答】 根据文章可知一个睡眠周期大约是 80分钟，而stage 4 sleep是睡眠的最后阶段，它发生在入睡后大约40至60分钟时，据此可推出stage 4 sleep持续20至40分钟。
28.答案C。
【参考译文】 脑电波在哪个阶段最慢 ?
【试题分析】 此题为细节推理题。
【详细解答】 文章第一段倒数第四句说“睡得越深，脑电波就越慢”，而 stage 4 sleep 是睡得最深的，故脑电波也是最慢的。
29.答案B。
【参考译文】 第二段中“ dart”一词意为……
【试题分析】 此题考查考生根据上下文推测单词意义的能力。
【详细解答】 dart的后文说“眼睛好像看着发生在眼前的事”，又说“这种快速移动眼睛的阶段叫 REM sleep”，据此可知dart意为move quickly or suddenly(飞快地移动)。glare怒目而视;gaze凝视。
30.答案D。
【参考译文】 快波睡眠的特点之一是……
【试题分析】 此题考查细节推理能力。
【详细解答】 从第二段第一、二句可知大脑运动水平会再度略有提高，而 delta波消失， 取代的是脑电波运动图形。据此可知脑电波变得快了一点，大脑活跃些。而大的缓波和睡得 最深是 stage 4 sleep的特征，rapid for the first few minutes是stage 1 sleep的特征，整个睡眠阶段都是有脑电波的，故A，B和C皆错。
【作者建议】此题可用排除法。
3
短文大意
镜片设计者可以比作棋手：棋手力图将对手的棋在几招之内落入自己的圈套，镜片设计者试图捕捉光线。但比起棋手来说，设计镜片者有一个很大的优势，即设计者可以自由获得各种帮助。现在的镜片比过去最好的还好而且价格更低，结构更复杂。这在很大程度上离不开科学技术，因为自始至终，如果只是一个人来设计好透镜都是不切实际的。
31.答案D。
【参考译文】 设计镜片与下象棋相似之处在于……
【试题分析】 此题考查对文中有关长句子的理解。
【详细解答】 见文章第一段四至六句，相似之处在于最终目标以及达到目标的手段都是 明确的，只是在任一环节上所作的任何一项决定都可能导致无数个结果。
32.答案B。
【参考译文】 设计镜片的最终目标是……
【试题分析】 此题考查对有关句意的理解。
【详细解答】 见文章第三句“创造镜片时，设计者试图‘捕捉'光线，他们迫使源自物 体某个点的所有光线穿过一组曲度准确的透镜，结果光线集中在影像的一个点上。”
33.答案C。
【参考译文】 接着这段文章之后，作者可能会谈到……
【试题分析】 此题为推测作者下一步写作内容的题。
【详细解答】 第一段的最后一句说“ this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses”，故C正确。contact lenses隐形眼镜。
34.答案D。
【参考译文】 下面哪个词不能用来描述今天的镜片 ?
【试题分析】 此题为推测题。
【详细解答】 第二段第四句说“另外一些其设计有百年之老的镜片现在可以大批量生产 且造价低廉。”根据此句可推出现在的镜片还保持着传统，但并不能推出它们是“不受欢迎 的”。故答案是 D。
35.答案A。
【参考译文】 今天的镜片设计者……
【试题分析】 此题考查考生对最后一段话主要内容的理解。
【详细解答】 依据是第二段的第一句话。 B，C和D文章没谈到。decisive果断的。
4
短文大意
本文是关于一本书的简介。该书的第一部分和第二部分各章节的前后安排以及与之有的 事，该书第二部分在原来第二版的基础上有一些改动，原来的第 8章“报告的特例”改为“ 非正式报告”，还在原来的基础上重写了“建议”这一章，并在内容上有所扩充，还增加了新的章节。
36.答案A。
【参考译文】 本文最有可能是什么书的前言。
【试题分析】 此题考查由文章内容推测其领域范围。
【详细解答】 本选段讲述了该书第一部分和第二部分各章节的前后安排以及与之有关的 事。从其内容看应是一本有关专业技术写作的书的序言，这一点也可从第二段最后一句话看 出来。
37.答案C。
【参考译文】 在第一部分，作者按什么顺序排列以下章节。
【试题分析】 此题考查考生对文章上下文线索的把握。
【详细解答】 做此题时要注意第一段和第二段中的大写字母，因其表示专有名词，还要 注意以下各词： start with,then,follow和chapter on(论述……的章节)。
38.答案C。
【参考译文】 在哪一章可以发现一些写作练习。
【试题分析】 此题为辨认细节题。
【详细解答】 见文章第二段第二句。
39.答案D。
【参考译文】 根据本文“技术信息口语表达”这一章出现在 该书的哪一版哪一部分 ?
【试题分析】 此题为判断理解题。
【详细解答】 根据第四段第一、二句话可知此章节出现在第三版该书的第二部分。
40.答案B。
【参考译文】 关于新一版的第二部分以下哪一项不正确 ?
【试题分析】 此题为判断理解题。
【详细解答】 根据第四段第二句可知 Oral Presentation of Technical Information是个全新的章节，而不是一个经修改的章节，故B不符合原文，是答案。根据第三段第一句话可知第八章的标题换了，原名是“Special Types of Reports”，现名是“Informal Reports—Their Variation in Form and Purpose”，故A和D符合原文。第四段第一句说Proposals这一章节先出现在第二版本上，在此版本中此章节重写了并且大大地扩充了内容，据此 可推知 B不符合原文。
Part Ⅱ
41.答案B。
【参考译文】 他将那些蔬菜半价出售了，而不是让蔬菜烂掉。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【详细解答】 rather than而不是，是连接词，连接平行结构。more than 比……多，超过，如：more than six dollars。但当more than分开使用时也可表示“(与其说是)……而不是”，例如：He is more a poet than a philosopher.与其说他是个哲学家，不如说他是个诗人。other than意为“不同于”，例如：The result was quite other than we had expected.结果与我们期望的大不一样。better than比……好，好于。
42.答案B。
【参考译文】 今天，电器已使家务变得容易多了。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【详细解答】 此四词皆有“器具，仪器”之意，但有差别。 appliances指的是较小的器 具，通常用手操作使之适应特殊目的，如牙医的牙钻，真空吸尘器，电炉，高压锅等。 faci lities设施，设备，通常较大，如：车，船，图书馆，试验室等。instruments通常指科学 工作中使用的精密仪器。 equipment指成套的装备，设备。
43.答案A。
【参考译文】 他拒绝把他想要的东西给他。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【详细解答】 deny拒绝给予，后可接双宾语，例如：He denies his children nothing. 他对孩子有求必应。 refute驳斥，反驳。ignore忽视，不予理睬。deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物。
44.答案B。
【参考译文】 这本书不受孩子们的欢迎 /孩子们不喜欢这本书。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【详细解答】 当 appeal to的主语是人时常表示“呼吁，请求”，而当其主语是物时则常 表示“迎合，对……有吸引力”。 submit to服从，甘受;confess to供认，招认;consent to同意。例如：a. He submitted to is parents' decision at last.他最后服从了父母的决定。b. He appealed to me for help.他向我求援。c. The man confessed to stealing the money.那人承认偷了钱。d. My father refused to consent to my marrying her.父母拒绝答应我和她结婚。
45.答案B。
【参考译文】 各种尺寸的鞋我们都有现货。
【试题分析】 此题考查习语搭配。
【详细解答】 have sth. in stock是习语，表示“有……的现货”。out of stock缺货，脱销：I'm sorry, this size is out of stock.很抱歉，这个尺寸没有现货。
46.答案B。
【参考译文】 我挖苦那个人窝藏赃物。
【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析及固定搭配。
【词义辨析】 注意以下搭配中介词的不同： charge sb.with因……谴责、控告某人;accuse sb. of因……指责、控告某人;scold sb. for因……责骂某人;blame…for因……埋怨，责备，blame sth. on (onto) sb.把……怪罪到……的头上。例如：a.He was accused of theft.他被控告偷窃。b. He was charged with bribery.他被控告收取贿赂。c. The parents scolded him severely for lying to them.他因对父母说谎而遭到严厉责骂。d. It's not much use blaming our defeat on the weather.把我们的失败归罪于天气没多大用。
47.答案A。
【参考译文】 你错啦——你把这个词给漏掉了。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【词义辨析】 leave out漏掉，遗漏;leave off停止;leave behind忘记携带;leave for动身前往。例如：a. I've left behind my hat on the chair.我把帽子忘在椅子上了。b. We'll start at the point where we left off last time.我们将从上次停止的地方开始。
48.答案B。
【参考译文】 在 20世纪30年代科学家们开始想到原子弹的概念。
【试题分析】 此题亦为词义辨析题。
【词义辨析】 conceive想出，想到，后面常跟plan,idea,project等词。compete vi. 比赛，竞赛; consume vt.消耗;conceal隐藏，掩盖，意同hide。
49.答案B。
【参考译文】 你可根据你的偏爱选择参加口试还是笔试。
【试题分析】 此题为词组用法辨析题。
【用法辨析】 四选项中只有 according as才可接从句，表示“根据”，但其后不能接what引导的名词性从句。according to可表示“根据”，其后跟名词。accordingly是副词，表 示“相应地;因此，所以”。 in accord (with)符合，(与……)一致，with后接名词。例如：
a.You will be praised or criticised according as your work is good or bad.根据你工作的好坏你将受到表扬或批评。
b.I have to tell you the rules, so you must act accordingly.我已经把规则告诉你了，所以你必须照着做。
c.He was tired out;accordingly, we sent him to bed.他累坏了，于是，我们送他上床歇着去。
d.We are in general accord in our desire for peace.在期望和平方面我们基本一致。
50.答案C。
【参考译文】 桌凳可以根据任何孩子的身高进行调节。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【词义辨析】 桌凳可根据任何孩子的身高进行调节。 adjust一般用作及物动词，表示“ 调整，调节;改变以适应”。 adjust也可用作不及物动词，adjust to表示“适应于”。adopt表示“采纳;收养”，不要与adapt混淆，因“adapt…to”表示“使……适应”。shift v.移动，改变，常指地位，方向，性格等方面的变化。例如：a.Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness.飞行中的宇航员必须适应失重状态。(adjust用作不及物动 词 ) b.She adjusted a microscope.她调整显微镜。(adjust vt.侧重于小的改变) c.T he candidate was constantly shifting his position on the issues.那个候选人在这些问题上不断地改变立场。 d.Our school has adopted a new teaching method.我们学校采 用了新的教学法。
51.答案A。
【参考译文】 会议结束了，没有进行进一步讨论。
【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。
【词义辨析】 arise vi.出现，常用于抽象事物，如问题，冲突等。arouse vt.引起，激起。raise vt.提高。rise vi.上升，升起，常指具体的高度、价格等由低到高。
52.答案A。
【参考译文】 总的说来，今天的英国劳动阶级比他们的上一代富裕些。
【试题分析】 此题考查词义辨析。
【词义辨析】 by and large总的说来;by no means一点也不;by and by不久，过一会儿;in detail详细地。例如：a. I am by no means satisfied with my present income. 我对目前的收入一点也不满意。 b.The pain will go away by and by.疼痛一会儿就会消失 了。 c.Could you explain in more detail?你能说得更详细些吗?
53.答案A。
【参考译文】 无论肤色怎样每个人都有权居住在他想住的地方。
【试题分析】 此题为词组意义辨析题。
【详细解答】 regardless of是介词短语，表示“尽管，不顾”。prior to先于，在……之前; for the sake of 为了，为了……的缘故;in case of万一，假如。例如：a.For the sake of getting more money, she left home and went to London.为了挣更多的钱，她离开家到了伦敦。b.In case of fire, call 119.倘若有火灾，就拨打119。[JP2]c.He says what he thinks,regardless of other people's feelings.[JP]他想说就说，毫不考虑别人的感受。d.Prior to her marriage, my mother was a nurse.结婚之前，我母亲是个护士。
54.答案B。
【参考译文】 1946年的土豆收成比1945年的收成好。
【试题分析】 此题考查 superior一词的用法。
【详细解答】 be superior to比……好，比……优越，意同be better than。 or是拉丁语形容词比较级词尾，带此尾的形容词因已经是比较级，故其前不需再加more构成比较级。除superior外，带此尾的形容词还有：inferior(to比……)差的;junior年小的;senior年长的;prior较先的;major较大的;minor较小的等。带or的形容词用于结构：形容词+(i)or+to…，其中的to相当于英语中的than。
55.答案A。
【参考译文】 书籍是学者们必不可少的东西。
【试题分析】 此题为词义辨析题。
【词义辨析】 indispensable必不可少的，常含绝对需要，缺之不行，例如：Air is indispensable for life.空气是生命所必需的东西。indispensable常用于短语be indispensable to/for，表示“为……必不可少的”。be indifferent to后接名词，表示“对……漠不关心”。be bound to后接动词原形，表示“一定，必然”，例如：Your plan is bound to succeed.你的计划一定会成功。be accustomed to习惯于。
56.答案C。
【参考译文】 面对这样艰巨的任务，我们必须加倍努力。
【试题分析】 此题考查词汇用法题。
【详细解答】 face是及物动词，不用作不及物动词。我们可以说：We face the difficulties.或We are faced with the difficulties.但不能说：We face with the difficulties. be faced with是短语，表示“面临”。选项A和D中的with应去掉。选项B不对，是因为We are facing such a difficult task.是个句子，其后应打句号。
57.答案C。
【参考译文】 这两个年轻女子都完全有资格教希腊文、拉丁文和法文。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题。
【详细解答】 当 either, each,neither,everyone等不定代词作主语时，其后谓语需用第三人称单数。例如：a.Neither of these books is very new.这两本书都不新。b. Each of the students
brings a dictionary.学生各自带字典来。c. Every man and woman is eligible to vote.每个男人或女人都有资格投票。
58.答案B。
【参考译文】 你的头发原来就需要剪了，我很高兴你已剪了发。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查 need的特殊用法。
【详细解答】 need用作实义动词时有两个句型：1.need+to do sth.当主语与need后的动作是主动关系时用该句型。例如：Mary will need to make a new dress for the party. 2. need+ing或to be+过去分词。当主语与need后的动词动作是被动关系时，用
该句型。如本句也可改为： Your hair needed to be cut.=Your hair needed cutting.
59.答案B。
【参考译文】 努力学习比懒散更能获益。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查平行结构。
【详细解答】 这是主语的比较，前面的 studying hard应与being lazy平行。又比如：Tending dairy cows is a much better way to spend the summer than attending summer school.照料奶牛是一种比上暑期学校更好的度假方式。在此句中，tending和attending形成了动名词的平行结构。
60.答案D。
【参考译文】 有 20个学生上拉丁语课，其中大多数比我受到更好的语言训练。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查定语从句。
【详细解答】 当非限定性从句修饰物时，应该用 which引导从句,但当其修饰人时，应该 用 who,whom或whose。A和B选项不符合此原则。C选项前应改为句号才对。
61.答案D。
【参考译文】 我希望昨天他能跟我一起去看电影。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查虚拟语气。
【详细解答】 wish后面的从句用虚拟语气，其谓语常由would,could等构成，对现在的虚拟用过去时，对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。例如：I wish you wouldn't smoke any more. 我希望你不要再抽烟了。
62.答案A。
【参考译文】 一个科目越复杂，就越需要把它分成读者可以想象到的许多部分。
【试题分析】 此题考查语法比较级句型。
【详细解答】 表示“越……越……”用比较级句式： the+比较级…the+比较级…，例如： The faster the better.越快越好。注意：当比较级修饰名词、形容词或副词时，这些名词、形容词或副词要一起移到前面去。根据此原则，A正确。
63.答案A。
【参考译文】 关一下门，好吗 ?
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查附加问句。
【详细解答】 当祈使句反问时，若表示请求，则反诘问句用 will you?例如：Do it at once, will you?但当祈使句表示邀请及劝告时，其后应用won't you?如：Have a cup of tea, wont you?
64.答案A。
【参考译文】 他一到火车站天就开始下雨。
【试题分析】 此题考查固定搭配及倒装句。
【详细解答】 表示“一……就”有以下表达： 1. hardly (scarcely,barely)…when/before 2. no sooner…than。这些句子只用于过去时，主句动作因发生在从句动作之前故用过 去完成时。倘若 hardly,scarcely,no sooner和barely在句中则采取正常语序，但当它们位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装，使用句型：a. Hardly(Scarcely,Barely)+had+主语+过去分词+其他。b. No sooner had+主语+过去分词+其他。例如：a. They had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.他们刚到家就开始下雨了。(正常语序)b. Barely had she finished the report when she had to go to the lecture.她刚写完报告就去上班。 (倒装语序) c. Scarcely had Jack seen me when he left the room.杰克一见到我 就离开了屋子。 (倒装语序) 此外表示“一……就”还可用以下表达：the moment (that)…,as soon as，the instant…,the minute…，它们不是名词，而是从属连词，后跟从句，从句的时态与主句的时态一致。例如： I recognized him the minute (the moment,as soon as, the instant) I saw him.我一见到他就认出他了。
65.答案C。
【参考译文】 风暴摧毁了他们的茅舍，所以他们不得不住在洞里。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查独立结构。
【详细解答】 这是分词的独立结构句。分词的完成式表示其动作发生在主句动作之前， 根据句意可知，暴风雨毁掉草屋在前，故 C是答案。
66.答案A。
【参考译文】 与公司的大多数雇员们所享有的有工资的节假日天数比起来，三个星期的 假期似乎是很慷慨的。
【试题分析】 此题为语法结构题。
【详细解答】 compare…with意为“与……相比”。分词作状语时，若与主句的主语是主 谓关系，则用现在分词，若是动宾关系则用过去分词。根据句意，应用过去分词。故 A对。
67.答案D。
【参考译文】 还要过一段时间他才会再见到他父亲。
【试题分析】 此题考查句子的语法结构。
【详细解答】 注意句型： It's +时间+before…表示“……之后……才”。例如：It will not be long before they understand each other.他们大概不久就会互相了解。而since的特殊句型是：主语+动词完成式+其他+since+一个含一般过去时的句子。如：It has been a year since I graduated from the school.我从学校毕业已经一年了。
68.答案A。
【参考译文】 他在这班上年纪最小。
【试题分析】 此题考查比较级。
【详细解答】 比较级句中前后两者相比时应把自身排除在外，而 B，C和D皆包含he在内，故都应排除。
69.答案B。
【参考译文】 公司的建立将从公司营业执照签发之日开始。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查定语从句引导词。
【详细解答】 这是个主从复合句，从句需要一个含 day在内的时间状语，特指的一天，其前应用介词on。此外，引导从句的关系代词which若其前有介词时该介词不能省略，故B对。whenever只能引导状语从句，不引导定语从句，例如：You may leave whenever you please.无论你什么时候想走就可以走。
70.答案C。
【参考译文】 你一定误会我了，因为我没说那件事。
【试题分析】 此题为语法题，考查 must用作“推测”意时的用法。
【详细解答】 must+have+过去分词：表示对过去发生的事情的有把握的肯定猜测。must+ 动词原形：表示对现在发生的事情的猜测。 must+be+doing：表示对现在正进行的动作或在此刻前一直在进行的动作的猜测，例如： He must be working hard.他一定正在努力工作。
Part Ⅳ
71.【参考译文】 但你并不是整夜都保持这种第四阶段的沉睡状态，入睡后大约80分钟左右，你的大脑活动会再度略有加强。
【翻译技巧】 本句使用减词法。
【翻译点评】 后半句“ brain activitiy level will increase again slightly.”句中 “ level”一词可以不译，“increase”一词则译为“加强”更好。
72.【参考译文】 创造镜片时，镜片设计者试图“捕捉”光线，他们迫使源自物体某个点的所有光线穿过一组曲度准确的透镜，结果光线集中在影像的一个点上。
【翻译技巧】 本句可用分译法，把长句子中的短语化为句子，分开来叙述，适当用增词 法并调整句子顺序。
【翻译点评】 句中介词短语“ by forcing all the rays…to focus on a single point in the image”和后面的介词短语“as a consequence of…surfaces”。结合在一起先调整语序为“ by forcing all the rays…in the subject, after passing through…surfaces, focus on…in the image”，再将这个长长的介词短语译成两个句子，加上force的逻辑主语 they，所以译为“他们迫使源自物体某个点的所有光线穿过一组曲度准确的透镜，结果光线集中在影像的一个点上。”
73.【参考译文】 然而，每做一个决定可能产生的结果数目之大，如果不是实际上的话，简直是无限的。
【翻译技巧】 此句的主语部分需用逆序法。
【翻译点评】 首先需要弄清此句结构，主干为： The number is so large as to be infinite。再将一些修饰性、限定性的成份加进去，就比较容易译出整句了。另外还需注意“virtually, if not actually”的意思，可见，这两个副词virtually与actually并不相同， 前者意为“几乎”，后者意为“实际上”。
74.【参考译文】 我们亦扩充了处理专业技术文章的方法——是由于我们 认识到文章写作对写作者职业的潜在贡献以及对科学技术的价值。
【翻译技巧】 此题需采用“增词法”，还要注意句子的结构。
【翻译点评】 句中“ the treatment of…”译为“处理……的方法”。破折号后面的分词短语由分词 recognizing加上两个带有各自定语的并列名词词组“the potential contribution of…”和“the value of…”组成，这个分词短语补充说明前面句子的理由，所以在“认识到……”之前加上“是由于我们”，使其与前面的句子更加紧凑、连贯。
75.【参考译文】 虽然学习此章节不能替代对公开发言的训练，然而我们 相信此章节中的建议对那些使用此书的人大有裨益，他们在许多场合下被请求在一小群人或许多听众面前亲自陈述自己的意见。
【翻译技巧】 本题采用“词类转换法”、“前置法”、“溶合法”。
【翻译点评】 翻译时，将名词性词组“ a study of this chapter”译为动词性词组“学习本章”，“ no substitute for”译为“并不能替代”，“be of substantial assistance to”译为“对……大有裨益”;其次，将those后的定语从句放在其前译为“那些使用此书的人”;另外，将状语 on the numerous occasions与后面的定语从句溶合在一起译为“他 们在许多场合下……”
Part Ⅴ 写作指导
本文是关于国有企业职工下岗的问题。本文要求考生用全面的观点来看待下岗这一现象， 还要求考生能就此现象发表一些自己的看法及可能的解决方案。这里必须注意“ layoff”这一词组的用法“ lay sb. off”意思是“stop employing sb. esp. for a period in which there is little work”，“layoff”是名词，意思是“the stopping of a worker's employment at a time when there is little work”所以“laidoff workers”才是指“下岗工人”，在范文中，第一段根据要求，写下岗是改革的需要，为了深化国有企业 的改革越来越多的工人下岗。注意，如果不仔细理解此段要求的话，很容易接下来就写下岗工人的“不幸”、因难的处境。但紧扣题纲，这一段必须写下岗的积极方面，可以就深化国企改革的需要方面进行展开，如使多余的工人下岗有利于提高国有企业的效率，帮助国企渡过难关，加速国家经济的发展，以便最终实现共同富裕。
第二段写下岗会带来的问题：给公众带来工作压力，很多人生活水平下降，犯罪率上升， 造成社会不安定，这一段需要注意的是，考生绝对不可以在此对下岗现象表现出不满或是太 偏激认为下岗是活该，应持中立态度，客观地分析下岗带来的问题。
第三段谈解决方案：政府应采取措施保障下岗工人的利益，提供再就业机会，下岗工人自 身也当提高自己的意识，以适应形势的需要。
Sample Writing
Layoffs in Stateowned Enterprises
In order to deepen the reform of stateowned enterprises, more and more workers are laid off. It is indeed necessary. Laying off redundant workers can help the enterprises overcome their difficulties and raise their efficiency and productivity. It also adds impetus to China's economic growth and thus help to lay a solid foundation for the common prosperity of the entire population, including the lai off workers.
However, carrying out layoffs places too much employment pressure on society and arouses many social problems, such as the decline of many people's living standard, the increase of crime rate and social instability. So it's very important for the laidoff workers to be reemployed.
To solve these problems, the government should show concern for the workers and take effective measures to protect their interests. The enterprises laying off workers should set up reemployment service centers to ensure their basic living standards, conduct professional training and help them get new jobs. The laidoff workers themselves should keep in mind that it's no use complaining and sighing.
As long as they stand up to being laid off, update their concepts about employment and adapt to new situations, they are sure to overcome the difficulty.