Disabilities

　　残疾

　　残疾是一个总称，包括损伤、活动受限以及参与的限制。损伤是身体功能或结构方面的问题;活动受限是人在执行任务或行动时遇到的困难;而参与的限制是参与个人生活时遇到的问题。

　　Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations.

　　因此，残疾不仅仅是一个健康问题。它是一种复杂现象，反映了人体特征与他或她所生活的社会特征之间的互动关系。要克服残疾人遇到的困难，就需要进行干预，消除环境和社会方面的障碍。

　　Disability is thus not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers.People with disabilities have the same health needs as non-disabled people – for immunization, cancer screening etc. They also may experience a narrower margin of health, both because of poverty and social exclusion, and also because they may be vulnerable to secondary conditions, such as pressure sores or urinary tract infections. Evidence suggests that people with disabilities face barriers in accessing the health and rehabilitation services they need in many settings.

　　残疾人具有与非残疾人一样的健康需求——计划免疫、癌症筛查等。他们的健康状况或许更加勉强，这既是因为贫穷和社会排斥问题，也是由于他们易患继发性疾病，如褥疮或尿道感染。有证据表明，残疾人在许多情况下都面临着获得所需卫生和康复服务方面的障碍。

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