Russell on Affection ( 罗素论爱 )

　　The best type of affection is reciprocally life-giving; each receives affection with joy and gives it　without effort, and each finds the whole world more interesting in consequence of the existence of　this reciprocal happiness. There is, however, another kind, by no means uncommon, in which one　person sucks the vitality of the other, one receives what the other gives, but gives almost nothing　in return. Some very vital people belong to this bloodsucking type. They extract the vitality from　one victim after another, but while they prosper and grow interesting, those upon whom they live　grow pale and dim and dull. Such people use others as means to their own ends, and never　consider them as ends in themselves. Fundamentally they are not interested in those whom for the　moment they think they love; they are interested only in the stimulus to their owe activities, perhaps of a quite impersonal sort. Evidently this springs from some defect in their nature, but it is　one not altogether easy either to diagnose of to cure. It is a characteristic frequently associated　with great ambition, and is rooted, I should say, in an unduly one-sided view of what makes　human happiness. Affection in the sense of a genuine reciprocal interest of two persons in each　other, not solely as means to each other ’goods , but rather as a combination having a common　good, is one of the most important elements of real happiness, and the man whose ego is so　enclosed within steel walls that this enlargement of it is impossible misses the best that life has to　offer, however successful he may be in his career. A too powerful ego is a prison from which a　man must escape if he is to enjoy the world to the full. A capacity for genuine affection is one of　the marks of the man who has escaped form this prison of self. To receive affection is by no means　enough; affection which is received should liberate the affection which is to be given, and only　where both exist in equal measure does affection achieve its best possibilities.