2020年翻译资格考试二级口译每日一练:英汉互译(3)
来源 :中华考试网 2020-08-05
中英译中
The pandemic will politicise travel and migration and entrench a bias towards self-reliance.
参考译文:(新冠肺炎)让出行和移民问题变成政治问题,也扩散了“自给自足”的观点。
解析:这两句英文我们对bias有一个成见,即只认为它的意思是“偏见”。不过,事实是,只有bias to这个搭配才有“偏见”的意思,而bias towards,则完全相反,是“偏好;偏爱”,即Bias is a concern with or interest in one thing more than others. 例如:The Department has a strong bias towards neuroscience./这个系特别偏重神经科学。在英文里 entrench a bias towards的意思是“扩大某一种观念/观点”。
中译英
新冠肺炎疫情发生后,广大护士义无反顾地冲向国内国外疫情防控斗争第一线。
参考译文:Since the outbreak of COVID-19, a vast number of nurses bravely marched to the frontlines of the fight against COVID-19 at home and abroad without hesitation.
解析:这一句中文里的一个难点就是如何译出“义无反顾地冲向”这个偏正词语。当然,作为四字成语,义无反顾本身就是一个偏正结构,单独翻译的话,则会将动词“顾”字作为一个核心词。这个成语的意思是“为了正义而勇往直前,绝不犹豫退缩”,出自汉司马相如《喻巴蜀檄》:“义不反顾,计不旋踵。”在《汉英大词典》里,这个词的翻译是,proceed without hesitation; be duty-bound not to turn back; find it one's duty or obligation to go forward and not to turn back; honour permits no turning back。 不过,这个成语却在文中做了动词“冲向”的修辞语,因此在翻译里,只能用相应的“副词”来表示。如何简洁明了的表达出这个成语的意思呢?新华社的译本里,用了“bravely march into ……without hesitation”一词。Brave,作为形容词,其意思可以是Someone who is brave is willing to do things which are dangerous, and does not show fear in difficult or dangerous situations. 与后面的with out hesitation搭配,正好能体现出“医护工作者直面新冠肺炎疫情里所展示出的勇气和担当。”
英译中
While big firms’ shares soar and they get help from the Fed, small businesses are struggling to get cash from Uncle Sam.
参考译文:一方面,大企业股票飙升,还能得到美国政府的援助,一方面小企业要从政府那里获得资助是难上又难。
解析:对于有while引导的时间状语从句,在表示动作同时发生里,我们通常会理解为“当……的时候”。不过,在这一句里,描述的是两种状态:大企业和小企业处于两种不同的生存状态。因此,while的意思是If something happens while something else is happening, the two things are happening at the same time. 例如:They were grinning and watching while one man laughed and poured beer over the head of another./当一个男人大笑着把啤酒倒在另一个人头上时,他们都在乐呵呵地看着。于是乎,我们可以用“一方面……一方面”的结构来表示这种状况。此外,be struggling to do something的意思通常会有一些“误差”,即很多人认为它的意思是“努力做到”。如果我们看一下这个词组的英文解释,就会发现“事实”并非如此,而是“努力但很难实现”,即“勉力维持;挣扎”——If a person or organization is struggling, they are likely to fail in what they are doing, even though they might be trying very hard. 例如:The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product./该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。又如:One in five young adults was struggling with everyday mathematics./的年轻人做日常的数学计算都费劲。