The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. Themarket’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the“market economy” designation.

　　As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeksto promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services

　　believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.

　　Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the

　　amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as

　　stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.

　　中译英

　　说起上海老城，总会让人和古老传统的东西联系起来，比如明代的豫园和清代的城隍庙。上海建城有700 多年历史，但最具人文发展历史的时期是开埠后的150 年间，诸如华洋杂居、

　　石库门、老字号等等，都发生在开埠后的上海。

　　流传于老城内外的民间文化，丰富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物风情画卷”生动地描绘了上海老城市民的生活百态。上海老城是历史文明与现代文明的兼容并蓄，无论上海城市发展如何日新月异，她仍将记录着上海城市发展的历史华章。

　　英译中

　　【参考译文】

　　美国的经济制度主要是私有制经济，其中，消费者、生产者和政府每天都做出经济决策，主要是通过价格体系。正是这三者之间的互相能动关系才使经济得以运转。然而，市场的主要动力来自生产者和消费者之间，因而就有了“市场经济”这个名称。

　　通常，消费者花钱买东西，总想得到最大的价值;而生产者则想从所卖出均产品上获得最高的价钱和利润。联邦、州和地方各级政府要做的是增强公众的安全感，确保公平竞争，并提供一系列服务，相信这些服务性事业由公有企业来办要比私人企业来办更好。

　　一般说来，企业分为三种：个体业主开办经营的企业、合伙企业和股份公司。前两者很重要，但最后一种企业才可以把许多人的投资筹集到一起聚成巨额资金。那些人作为股东，可以随时在公开市场上买卖所持股票。公司制企业使开办大型企业成为可能。

　　中译英

　　【参考译文】

　　The old town of Shanghai is always associated with something ancient and traditional, like theYuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and Chenghuangmiao (the Town God’s Temple or the City God Temple) in the Qing Dynasty. Despite a history of more than 700 years, the 150 years since itopened to foreign traders has witnessed the greatest humane development in Shanghai. In thatperiod we have seen a Shanghai co-inhabited by Chinese locals and foreign nationals, the

　　formation of the Shanghai Painting School, the building of Shikumen (stone-framed gate) houses,

　　the development of time-honored firms or shops, and so on and so forth.

　　Shanghai’s old town and beyond then featured a colorful folk culture, with all aspects of the life of local residents vividly depicted in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in

　　Shanghai’s Old Town”. Though Shanghai advances with each passing day, its old town, a

　　harmonious combination of ancient and modern civilization, continues to be a glorious chapter in

　　the history of the development of Shanghai city.

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