文化，艺术，娱乐

　　Section I 英译中

　　音乐

　　aria n.独唱曲， 咏叹调

　　background music n.背景音乐

　　band n. 乐队

　　baritone n.男中音

　　bass n.低音部， 男低音， 低音乐器

　　beat n.节奏， 鼓点

　　brass n.铜管乐器， 或铜管乐队

　　Broadway musicals n. 百老汇音乐剧

　　canon n. 卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合

　　chord n. 和弦， 和音

　　composer n.作家， 作曲家

　　concerto n.协奏曲

　　conductor n. 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥

　　contemporary music n. 当代音乐

　　crescendo n. 声音渐增，渐强

　　decrescendo n. 渐弱

　　dissonanc n. 不谐和音， 不一致

　　duet n.二重奏

　　finale n.(戏剧的)最后一场， 结局， 终曲， (电视剧) 最后一集

　　flat n. [音]降半音

　　fox trot n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲

　　fugue n.[音]赋格曲

　　genre n.类型， 流派

　　acid jazz 酸性爵士

　　alternative 另类(非主流)音乐， 如gay music (同性恋音乐)

　　bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏

　　blues 布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)

　　Celtic 凯尔特音乐 (尤指爱尔兰风格)

　　classical 古典乐

　　country 乡村音乐

　　dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐

　　easy listening轻音乐

　　electronica 电子音乐

　　environmental music 环境音乐

　　experimental 实验音乐

　　folk 民族音乐

　　fusion 融合音乐

　　heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚

　　hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐， 又译嘻哈

　　house 电子乐的一种 (注：Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区， House Music源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。)

　　Indie-Rock独立音乐 (属于另类音乐)

　　jazz 爵士乐

　　Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯

　　Latin 拉丁乐

　　musicals 音乐剧

　　New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名

　　Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮

　　R & B 节奏布鲁斯

　　Rap 说唱

　　Reggae 雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐

　　Retro 怀旧音乐

　　Soft rock 慢摇滚

　　soul music (美国黑人) 爵士灵歌， 结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点

　　soundtrack 电影配乐

　　swing 摇摆乐， 形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队

　　Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐

　　Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲， 迷幻电子乐

　　gospel n. 福音音乐

　　harmony n. [音]和弦，和声， 悦耳的声音组合

　　hymn n.赞美诗， 圣歌v.唱赞美歌

　　improvisation n.即席创作

　　lip synching v./n. 对口型，假唱

　　lyrics n.抒情诗， 歌词

　　march n. [音] 进行曲

　　melody n. 旋律

　　opera n.歌剧

　　opus n.作品

　　orchestra n.管弦乐队

　　a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

　　percussion n. 打击乐器， 鼓点

　　polka n.波尔卡舞曲

　　pop music n. 流行音乐，通俗音乐

　　quartet n.四重奏， 四重唱

　　Renaissance n.文艺复兴， 有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐

　　the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600; the style of music from this period

　　repertoire n.(准备好演出的)节目， 保留剧目

　　an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble

　　Requiem Mass n. 安魂曲

　　a Mass for the dead

　　rhumba n.(=rumba)伦巴舞蹈， 伦巴乐曲

　　a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba

　　rhythm n.节奏， 韵律

　　rock n. 摇滚乐

　　salsa n. 萨尔萨舞曲， 拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲

　　samba n.桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)

　　score n. 乐谱

　　solo n.独奏曲， 独唱

　　sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲

　　a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment

　　soprano n.女高音

　　symphony n.交响乐， 交响曲

　　tango n.探戈

　　an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps

　　tempo n.(音乐)速度、拍子， 发展速度

　　the speed of the music, based on the beat

　　tenor n. [音] 男高音

　　a high pitched male voice

　　theme n. [音] 主题， 主题曲， 主旋律

　　theme and variations n. [音]主题与变奏

　　trio n.三重唱

　　vocal range n. 音域

　　waltz n.华尔兹舞， 华尔兹舞曲

　　SECTION II: 中译英

　　2.1 中国文化

　　四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

　　[扩展]

　　火药gunpowder

　　印刷术 printing

　　造纸术paper-making

　　指南针the compass

　　中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers

　　孔子 Confucius

　　孟子Mencius

　　老子 Lao Tzu

　　庄子Chuang Tzu

　　墨子Mo Tzu

　　孙子Sun Tzu

　　(注：see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录)

　　道Tao , “the way”， the principle of the workings of the universe

　　仁 humaneness (also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue)

　　四书The Four Books

　　《大学 》The Great Learning

　　《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

　　《论语》The Analects of Confucius

　　《孟子》The Mencius

　　书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy

　　篆书 seal script / seal character

　　隶书 official script / clerical script

　　行书 running script / semi-cursive script

　　草书 cursive script

　　楷书 regular script / standard script

　　中国画 traditional Chinese painting

　　水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting

　　工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting

　　六艺： six classical arts

　　[扩展]

　　礼rites

　　乐music

　　射archery

　　御riding

　　书writing

　　数arithmetic

　　孙子兵法The Art of War

　　汉字 Chinese character

　　(汉字)笔画 stroke

　　偏旁部首 radical

　　书写体系 writing system

　　汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan

　　汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue

　　中国热 Sinomania

　　同宗同源 of the same origin

　　华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors

　　单音节 single syllable

　　汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)

　　汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters

　　level tone阳平

　　rising tone阴平

　　falling-rising tone上声

　　falling tone去声

　　武术 martial art

　　中国武术 Kung fu

　　武术门派 styles or schools of martial art

　　习武健身practice martial art for fitness

　　古代格斗术ancient form of combat

　　中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association

　　武林高手top martial artist

　　气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

　　柔道 judo

　　空手道Karate

　　跆拳道tae kwon do

　　拳击boxing

　　摔跤wrestling

　　击剑fencing

　　仗剑走天涯walk the earth (with a sword)

　　武侠小说 tales of roving knights; kung fu novels

　　中国文学Chinese literature

　　《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

　　《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West

　　《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

　　《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

　　《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

　　《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber

　　《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin

　　《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

　　《围城》Fortress Besieged

　　《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q

　　春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals

　　史记 Historical Records

　　诗经 The Books of Songs;the Book of Odes

　　书经 The Books of History

　　易经 I Ching; the Book of Changes

　　礼记 the Book of Rites

　　孝经Book of Filial Piety

　　三字经 three-character scripture; three-word chant

　　八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing

　　五言绝句 five-character quatrain

　　七言律诗 seven-character octave

　　中国建筑 Chinese architecture

　　四合院 quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard

　　蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt

　　碑刻， 碑文， 碑铭inscriptions on a tablet

　　碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

　　道观Taoist temple

　　殿hall

　　烽火台 beacon tower

　　鼓楼 drum tower

　　华表 ornamental column

　　回廊corridor

　　祭坛 altar

　　假山rockeries

　　角楼watchtower

　　廊 corridor

　　牌楼 pailou, decorated archway

　　桥bridges

　　石舫 stone boat

　　石窟 grotto

　　水榭 pavilion on the water

　　塔 pagoda; tower

　　台 terrace

　　坛altar

　　亭阁 pavilion

　　钟楼 bell tower

　　柱pillar, column, post

　　陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb

　　重要文化遗产major cultural heritage

　　优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts

　　文物cultural relics

　　中国结 Chinese knot

　　旗袍Cheongsam

　　中山装Chinese tunic suit

　　唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit

　　景泰蓝cloisonné

　　朝廷使者 royal court envoy

　　文人 men of letters

　　雅士 refined scholars

　　文化产业culture industry

　　文化底蕴cultural deposits

　　文化事业cultural undertaking

　　文化交流cross-cultural communication

　　文化冲突culture shock

　　民族文化national culture

　　民间文化folk culture

　　城镇文化urban culture

　　乡村文化rural culture

　　当地文化native culture

　　表演艺术performing art

　　现代流行艺术popular art, pop art

　　纯艺术high art

　　高雅艺术refined art

　　电影艺术cinematographic art

　　戏剧艺术theatrical art

　　[扩展]

　　生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)

　　旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)

　　净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character

　　丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role

　　花脸painted role

　　独角戏 monodrama;one-man show

　　歌舞喜剧musical

　　滑稽场面， 搞笑小噱头shtick

　　滑稽短剧skit

　　京剧票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan

　　京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask

　　口技 ventriloquism

　　木偶戏 puppet show

　　旁白voice over

　　皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show

　　说书 story-telling

　　叠罗汉 make a human pyramid

　　折子戏 opera highlights

　　踩高跷stilt walk

　　哑剧 pantomime; mime

　　哑剧演员 pantomimist

　　戏剧小品 skit

　　马戏circus show

　　单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy

　　特技表演stunt

　　相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk

　　杂技 acrobatics

　　京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment

　　秦腔shaanxi opera

　　篆刻sealcutting

　　阴文characters cut in intaglio

　　阳文characters cut in relief

　　图章 seal

　　刻刀graver

　　拓碑 making rubbings from stone inscriptions

　　拓片 rubbing

　　工艺， 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship

　　手工艺品 handicraft

　　木雕wood carving

　　黄杨木雕boxwood craft

　　雕漆carved lacquerware

　　石雕stone carving

　　微雕 miniature engraving

　　象牙雕ivory carving

　　竹雕bamboo engraving

　　贝雕shell carving

　　冰雕 ice sculpture

　　彩塑painted sculpture

　　瓷釉enamel

　　刺绣embroidery

　　卷轴scroll

　　蜡染batik

　　泥人 clay figure

　　漆画lacquer painting

　　漆器Lacquer ware

　　青瓷色Celadon

　　双面绣two-sided embroidery

　　水墨画Landscape/ ink painting

　　苏绣Suzhou embroidery

　　檀香扇sandalwood fan

　　唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

　　陶器 pottery

　　制陶业Ceramics

　　文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

　　砚刻inkslab engraving

　　宜兴陶Yixing pottery

　　折扇Folding fan

　　枝编工艺Wickerwork

　　织锦， 挂毯Tapestry

　　纸工艺品papier mache

　　中国画Chinese painting

　　民间传说 folklores

　　寓言fable

　　传说 legend

　　神话mythology

　　玉皇大帝God of Heaven

　　八仙 the Eight Immortals

　　嫦娥 Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess

　　伏羲 Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry

　　福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity

　　财神 god of fortune

　　灶神 god of the kitchen

　　共工 Gonggong, God of Water

　　后羿 Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)

　　黄帝 Yellow Emperor

　　夸父 Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)

　　女娲 Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky

　　盘古 Pan Gu , creator of the universe

　　神农 Patron of Agriculture

　　禹 Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty

　　祝融 Zhurong, God of Fire

　　古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem

　　对对联matching an antithetical couplet

　　阳历Solar calendar

　　公历Gregorian calendar

　　阴历Lunar calendar

　　天干heavenly stem

　　地支earthly branch

　　闰年leap year

　　二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms

　　十二生肖zodiac

　　Rat 鼠

　　Ox 牛

　　Tiger 虎

　　Hare 兔

　　Dragon 龙

　　Snake 蛇

　　Horse 马

　　Sheep 羊

　　Monkey 猴

　　Rooster 鸡

　　Dog 狗

　　Pig猪

　　猴年 year of monkey

　　本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches

　　传统节日traditional holidays

　　春节 Spring Festival

　　拜年pay a New Year visit

　　爆竹， 鞭炮firecracker

　　除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year

　　春联 Spring couplets

　　辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new

　　饺子 Jiaozi, boiled dumpling

　　锅贴 pot sticker

　　庙会 temple fair

　　鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year

　　年画 (traditional) New Year pictures

　　年夜饭 the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve

　　年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning

　　守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve

　　团圆饭 family reunion dinner

　　压岁钱 New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift

　　舞龙dragon dance

　　元宵节 Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)

　　元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

　　花灯festival lantern

　　灯谜lantern riddle

　　狮子舞 lion dance

　　踩高跷stilt walking

　　清明节 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)

　　扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones

　　祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors

　　踏青go for an outing in spring

　　端午节 Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)

　　赛龙舟dragon boat race

　　粽子 zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)

　　Departed soul 亡灵

　　忠臣loyal minister

　　诗人屈原Quyuan the poet

　　中秋节 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)

　　月饼 mooncake

　　赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon

　　团圆 reunion

　　桂花 sweet osmanthus

　　重阳节 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day

　　赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

　　登高 climb mountain

　　中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine (详见HEALTH一章)

　　秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin

　　皇太后 Empress Dowager

　　汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)

　　成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin

　　才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

　　文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

　　夏朝 Xia Dynasty

　　明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties

　　中华文明 Chinese civilization

　　文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

　　地名：特别注意四川和陕拼法

　　四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan

　　陕西　Shaanxi

　　古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations

　　中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars

　　考古学家 archaeologists

　　人类学家 anthropologist

　　历史学家 historian

　　地理学家geographer

　　江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River

　　水乡景色 riverside scenery

　　2.2 体育， 娱乐

　　2008夏季奥运会 2008 summer Olympics

　　主办2008年奥运会 host the 2008 Olympic Games

　　奥运会火炬 Olympic torch

　　奥运村 Olympic village

　　奥运选手 Olympian

　　奥运会核心精神 the core spirit of the Olympic games

　　更快、更高、更强 Citius, Altius, Fortius

　　东道国 host country

　　主办城市 host city

　　冬奥会 Olympic Winter Games

　　国际奥委会 IOC (International Olympic Committee)

　　会歌 anthem

　　会徽 emblem

　　申办 bid

　　申办成功 win the bidding

　　板球 criket

　　公开赛 open / open tournament

　　锦标赛 championships

　　国家体育总局 State Physical Culture Administration

　　健美运动 bodybuilding

　　教练 coach / trainer

　　举重 weight lifting

　　马术 equitation

　　球类运动 ball games

　　赛马 horse race

　　射击 shooting

　　射箭 archery

　　室内运动 indoor sports

　　室外运动 outdoor sports

　　体育道德、 运动家精神 sportsmanship

　　田径 track and field

　　跳高 high jump

　　跳远 long jump

　　马拉松 marathon

　　职业选手 professional athlete

　　自行车赛 cycling

　　跨栏 hurdle race

　　体操 gymnastics

　　接力赛 relay race

　　冰球 hockey

　　娱乐 recreation / entertainment

　　[扩展]

　　《伯尔尼公约》(有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约)Berne Convention

　　比基尼 bikini

　　茶道 sado

　　敞蓬车 convertible

　　宠物医院 pet clinic

　　传媒 media

　　吹风会 briefing

　　大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener

　　大众传媒 mass media (of communications)

　　发烧友 zealot; enthusiastic fan

　　狗仔队 paparazzo (singular)， paparazzi(plural)

　　广告妙语 punch line

　　吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness Book of Records

　　家庭影院 home theater

　　票房 box office

　　泼水节 Water-Sprinkling Festival

　　群众精神文化生活people's cultural life

　　人体彩绘 body painting

　　迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland

　　米老鼠 Mickey mouse

　　唐老鸭 Donald Duck

　　特技演员stunt man

　　替身演员 stand-in; double

　　选美 beauty contest, beauty pageant

　　综艺节目 variety show

　　2.3 饮食文化

　　各大菜系 major styles of cooking / cuisine

　　粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival)

　　月饼moon cake

　　蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums

　　豆沙sweet bean paste

　　蛋黄egg yolk

　　咸蛋黄 marinated egg yolk

　　海鲜seafood

　　扇贝scallop

　　大葱scallion

　　葱green onion

　　肉馅minced meat

　　鱼糜minced fillet

　　虾糜minced shrimp

　　饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling

　　八宝饭8-treasure rice

　　鲤鱼carp

　　青鱼black carp

　　草鱼grass carp

　　欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp

　　鲫鱼golden carp

　　鲈鱼bass

　　桂鱼Chinese perch

　　石斑鱼garoupa

　　三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon

　　金枪鱼tuna

　　鳕鱼cod

　　年糕rice cake - year cake

　　胡桃walnut

　　饭票， 餐券 meal ticket

　　涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot

　　芝麻sesame

　　油条deep-fried dough sticks

　　酱油soy sauce

　　绿豆mung beans

　　油饼deep-fried dough cake

　　汤soup

　　菜 dish

　　豆浆soybean milk

　　盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top

　　香菜cilantro (Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander)

　　粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.

　　馒头steamed buns

　　花卷steamed twisted rolls

　　包子steamed stuffed buns

　　肉包子steamed bun with meat filling

　　肉馅meat filling

　　豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste

　　豆沙馅bean-paste filling

　　春卷spring roll ( a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried)

　　包饺子making Chinese dumplings

　　案板kneading board

　　擀面杖rolling pin

　　馅stuffing; filling

　　面团儿dough

　　饺子皮dumpling wrappers

　　馄饨皮wonton wrappers

　　网筛wire strainer

　　蒸笼bamboo (food) steamer

　　锅贴pot sticker

　　烧卖shaomai (a steamed dumpling with the dough gathered at the top)

　　葱饼scallion pancake

　　推棍儿pancake spreader

　　甜面酱sweet sauce made of fermented flour

　　北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck

　　面条noodles

　　拉面hand-stretched noodles; ramen

　　方便面instant noodle

　　挂面fine dried noodles

　　炒面fried noodles

　　凉面cold noodles in sauce

　　馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)

　　刀削面shaved noodles

　　米粉rice flour

　　面粉wheat flour

　　烤面包toast

　　果酱jam

　　三明治sandwich

　　热狗hot dog

　　汉堡包hamburger

　　糖纳滋doughnut

　　百吉饼、面包圈 bagel

　　高粱饴sorghum candy

　　酒心糖liqueur-filled candy

　　口香糖chewing gum

　　泡泡糖bubble gum

　　山楂片haw flakes

　　糖炒栗子chestnuts roast (in sand) with brown sugar

　　爆米花popcorn

　　松糕sponge cake

　　绿豆粥mung bean porridge

　　红豆粥red bean porridge

　　杏核豆腐almond bean curd

　　豆腐tofu (bean curd)

　　麻花fried dough twist

　　萨其马egg crisp cake

　　鱿鱼squid

　　笋bamboo shoot

　　笋干air-dried bamboo shoot

　　香菇dried mushroom

　　草菇straw mushroom

　　猴菇hedgehog mushroom

　　木耳wood-ear/ Jew’s ear

　　白木耳tremella

　　冬虫夏草Chinese caterpillar fungus

　　海带kelp

　　紫菜seaweed

　　燕窝bird’s nest

　　海蜇jellyfish

　　海参sea cucumber

　　鲍鱼abalone

　　鱼翅shark’s fin

　　熊掌bear’s paw

　　豆腐泡beancurd puff

　　腐乳fermented beancurd

　　刀工cutting technique

　　切丁dice

　　切条slice

　　切丝shred

　　剁、剁碎chop

　　切碎(成泥) mince

　　方块cube

　　块chunk

　　瓜子sunflower seeds

　　莲藕lotus root

　　莲子lotus seeds

　　青蒜，韭葱leek

　　韭菜Chinese chives / leek

　　平菇oyster mushroom

　　苦瓜bitter gourd

　　四季豆、菜豆string bean， snap bean，green bean

　　豌豆荚、雪豆荚snow pea

　　豆芽bean sprout

　　绿豆芽mung bean sprouts

　　黄豆芽soybean sprouts

　　枣子Chinese dates

　　山楂haw

　　石榴pomegranate

　　弥猴桃、奇异果kiwi fruit

　　荔枝lychee

　　龙眼longan

　　橘子tangerine

　　西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit

　　佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand; fingered citron

　　木瓜papaya

　　核桃仁walnut meat

　　松子，松人pine nut kernels

　　西瓜子melon seeds

　　腰果cashew nut

　　榛果， 榛子hazelnut

　　葡萄grape

　　核桃 walnut

　　谷grain; cereal

　　米 rice

　　long rice 长米，较硬，煮前先泡一个小时

　　Pudding rice or short rice 短米，较软

　　Brown rice 糙米

　　THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米

　　Glutinous rice 糯米

　　强力面粉strong flour

　　中筋面粉，不含发酵粉的面粉plain flour

　　自发粉self- raising flour

　　小麦面粉whole meal flour

　　砂糖brown sugar

　　红糖(感冒时煮姜汤时用)dark brown sugar

　　糖粉icing sugar

　　冰糖rock sugar

　　醋 vinger

　　玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch

　　麦芽糖maltose

　　芝麻sesame seeds

　　麻油sesame oil

　　蚝油oyster sauce

　　胡椒pepper

　　白胡椒white pepper

　　黑胡椒black pepper

　　辣椒粉red chilli powder

　　芝麻酱sesame paste

　　味精msg (monosodium glutamate)

　　豆鼓black bean sauce

　　大红豆red kidney bean

　　冬菇dried black mushroom

　　酸菜pickled mustard-green

　　八角、茴香anise

　　荸荠、马蹄water chestnuts

　　虾米dried shrimps

　　明虾prawn

　　美食节 gourmet festival

　　中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine; Chinese culinary art

　　色香味形 color, aroma, taste and appearance

　　四大菜系：four major Chinese cusines:

　　山东菜 Shangdong cuisine

　　川菜 Sichuan cuisine

　　粤菜 Canton cuisine

　　扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine

　　南淡北咸 the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cusine

　　东甜西辣 the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine

　　八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

　　风味小吃 local delicacy

　　切片 slice

　　切丝 shred

　　切丁 dice

　　切碎 mince

　　绞碎 grind

　　大、旺、武火 high heat

　　中火 medium heat

　　小、微、文火 low heat

　　煎pan-fry

　　炒stir-fry; sauté

　　爆 quick-fry

　　炸 deep-fry

　　烩 stew

　　熏smoke

　　煨， 炖simmer, stew

　　煮 boil

　　烘 bake

　　烤 bake; roast, grill

　　架烤 grill; BBQ

　　蒸 steam

　　红烧 braise (with soy sauce)

　　涮 (羊肉) dip-boil (mutton slices)

　　2.4哲学与宗教

　　无神论atheism

　　[详析]- the doctrine or belief that there is no God or gods.

　　创世论creationism

　　[详析]the belief that God created the universe, including all life, in its present form precisely as stated in the Bible in the book of Genesis.

　　进化论Darwinism

　　[详析]the theory that the origin of the species is derived by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those best adapted to survive in the struggle for existence.

　　宿命论determinism

　　[详析] a philosophical concept which postulates that all events, including human actions, are predetermined.

　　辩证的dialectic

　　[详析] the art or practice of a logical discussion as of the truth of a theory or opinion.

　　启蒙运动enlightenment

　　[详析] a trend during the 18th century that favored the power of human reason. It was believed that knowledge could only come from observation guided by reason and that through reason, continuing progress in knowledge, achievement, and morality could be sustained. Further, that through education, human nature could be changed for the better.

　　耶和华Jehovah

　　[详析] 基督教《圣经·旧约》中的上帝， 也是耶和华见证派信奉的上帝

　　女神 goddess

　　先知 illuminati

　　[详析] persons possessing or claiming to possess superior understanding and knowledge

　　实证主义 positivism

　　[详析]that which has to be accepted as we find it and is not given to further explanation.

　　苏格拉底问答法Socratic method

　　[详析]a teacher, by questioning his student, brings the student to recognize some conclusion without telling the student that the conclusion is true.

　　佛教Buddhism

　　[扩展]

　　藏经楼 depositary of Buddhist sutra

　　藏经洞 a cave fro preserving Buddhist sutra

　　禅 Dhyana / Zen

　　禅宗 Zen

　　禅宗大师 Zen master

　　大藏经 Tripitaka

　　大乘佛教Great Vehicle (from north)

　　小乘佛教 Lesser Vehicle (from south)

　　大雄宝殿 the Great Buddha’s Hall

　　大昭寺 Jokhang Temple

　　地藏god of earth

　　佛龛 shrine

　　佛寺Buddhist temple

　　佛像 statue of Buddha

　　舍利子 Buddha's relics

　　身外之物 worldly possessions

　　十八罗汉The Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha

　　罗汉堂Arhat Hall

　　释迦牟尼Sakyamuni

　　四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians; Four Devarajas

　　涅盘 ( 佛 ) nirvana

　　因果报应 Karma

　　儒教Confucianism

　　孔子 Confucius

　　孔庙 Temple of Confucius

　　道教Taoism

　　[例句]：Around 3000 Before Current Era in ancient China there were great warring states. Two Chinese philosophers, Lao Tzu and Confucius, took different approaches to the problem. Both Taoism and Confucianism have become religions to some people, while others hold them to be wise philosophies.

　　道观Taoist temple

　　藏学Tibetology

　　喇嘛 Lama

　　喇嘛教Lamaism

　　喇嘛庙 Lamasery

　　转世 reincarnation

　　转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy

　　异教徒 infidel

　　宗教矛盾 religious contradictions

　　宗教仪式 (religious) ritual

　　邪教cult

　　邪教组织evil cult gangs

　　形而上学 metaphysics

　　圣君 sage-king

　　基督教 Christian

　　基督教新教 Protestant

　　基督科学会Scientology

　　天主教 Catholic

　　耶和华见证会 Jehovah’s Witness

　　耶稣基督 Jesus Christ

　　洗礼 baptism

　　摩门教 Mormon (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)

　　伊斯兰教 Islam

　　强硬派伊斯兰教徒 hard -line Islamist

　　古兰经 the Koran

　　清真寺 Mosque

　　素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant

　　斋月 (伊斯兰教 ) Ramadan/ month of fast

　　教堂church

　　寺庙temple

　　大教堂cathedral

　　小礼拜堂chapel

　　修道院abbey

　　尼姑庵nunnery