公益岗位扶贫

　　公益性岗位扶贫,是指在贫困地区特别是贫困村庄,设置一批公益性岗位,运用政府购买服务的理念和方式,给予现金或实物补贴,实现贫困人口的就业和增收,同时增加村庄和当地的公共服务供给。公益岗位扶贫的独 特性表现在以下几个方面:

　　一是强制性。贫困劳动力必须保质保量完成规定任务才能获得相应收入,这避免了不劳而获,有效解决了贫困治理中的福利依赖和负向刺激问题。

　　二是兼职性。贫困劳动力按照岗位要求可以不定期地、自主灵活地完成工作量,这与他们的闲暇时间相适应。

　　三是非技术性。公益性岗位对劳动力的要求相对宽松,这与贫困劳动力的受教育水平相适应。

　　四是公益性。公益性岗位的职责必须是保障公共利益的服务内容,这与乡村治理的公共性诉求不谋而合。

　　Welfare Jobs for Poverty Alleviation

　　Jobs that are welfare in nature are created especially for the impoverished people in poor villages and poor regions, so that they can support themselves while improving local public services as the government will buy their services with cash or benefits in kind.

　　Welfare jobs have the following features:

　　(1) Compulsory: The workers must fulfill their tasks in both quality and quantity before receiving payment. This solves the problem of “reaping without sowing” and avoids welfare dependency and negative stimulus in managing poverty;

　　(2) Part-time: The workers can manage their work for certain posts flexibly during their spare time;

　　(3) Non-technical: The welfare jobs generally require few technical skills and match the workers’ educational level; and

　　(4) Welfare nature: The jobs are part of public services and help improve village management.

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