第三方评估机制

　　精准扶贫以来,各地积极引入第三方评估机制全面开展各项考核。2015年,《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》明确要求“建立对扶贫政策落实情况和扶贫成效的第三方评估机制”。

　　第三方评估是客观评判省级党委和政府扶贫开发工作精准度、群众满意度的重要依据。充分发挥第三方评估的督查、巡察作用,可为科学转变扶贫工作方式,消除贫困地区体制机制障碍,增强其内生动力与发展活力开辟有效途径。

　　中共十八大以来,为了加强脱贫攻坚成效考核,中央开始实行最严格的考核评估制度。国务院扶贫办2016年、2017年组织了由中国科学院牵头的第三方评估,选派相关专家学者进村入户,对各地贫困人口的识别精准度、贫困人口退出的精准度和贫困人口对帮扶工作的满意度进行第三方评估,起到查实问题、总结经验、以评促改、支撑决策的作用。中科院地理科学与资源研究所还研究制定了《贫困县脱贫退出第三方评估技术指南》,就调研流程、协调部署、应急处理等开展专门培训,统一规范调查问卷类型、内容、填写、记录、编码、数据处理等问题,在保证各项工作的技术性、专业性、细致性的基础上,构建独立公正的精准扶贫考核机制。引入第三方评估之后,由社会专业组织作为独立的第三方对于扶贫脱贫工作进行客观评估,既丰富了评估的方式,也使得评估更加有效。

　　Third Party Evaluation

　　As required by the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, third party evaluation has been introduced to review the execution of poverty alleviation policies and the results of poverty alleviation endeavors.

　　Third party evaluation provides an objective reference for assessing the precision of the work done by provincial Party committees and governments, and the satisfaction of the general public. This is an effective way to improve relevant work, remove institutional obstacles, and impart vigor to poor regions.

　　Since 2012, the central authorities have introduced the strictest-ever system for review and evaluation of poverty elimination. The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development in 2016 and 2017 organized third party evaluation headed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Experts and academics visited poor villages and households to obtain accurate information on identifying and eliminating poverty, and on paired-up assistance. Their research helped identify problems, summarize experience, urge improvement and support decision-making.

　　The CAS researchers also formulated a Technical Guide to Third Party Evaluation of Poverty Elimination in Poor Counties. They conducted training on research procedures, work coordination and emergency response, and created standard questionnaires with clear rules for the content, filling, recording, coding and data processing. Based on these, an independent and fair evaluation mechanism has been built.

　　Inviting specialist organizations as independent third parties to evaluate poverty elimination enhances the effects of the evaluation.

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