The affliction’s spread in China is partly related to genes. Myopia is more common among East Asians than among white people. A study in 2016 found that just 19% of white 17-year-olds in Britain were short-sighted. But lifestyle plays a big role. A report by the World Health Organisation says the genetic contribution is “considered small”. To the extent that genes are involved, they “may determine susceptibility to environmental factors”. These are often a lack of outdoor activity and excessive “near work”, ie, too much time staring at close objects. The combination of an exam-crazed culture with the rapid spread of smartphones and computer-game technology explains much of China’s problem.

　　参考译文：

　　近视在中国蔓延与基因有一定关系。相比白人，东亚人近视更为普遍。2016年的一项研究发现，英国17岁白人青少年中近视者仅占19%。但其实生活方式有着重要影响。世卫组织的一份报告指出，遗传因素对近视影响不大，它们“或许影响人对环境因素的敏感性”。这些环境因素通常包括缺乏户外活动、长时间的“近距离工作”(即长时间近距离视物)。中国近视高发的主要原因是狂热的考试文化，还有智能手机和电脑游戏技术的迅速普及。

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