Diabetes

　　糖尿病

　　Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.

　　糖尿病是一种慢性病，当胰腺产生不了足够的胰岛素或者人体无法有效地利用所产生的胰岛素时，就会出现糖尿病。胰岛素是一种调节血糖的荷尔蒙。高血糖症或血糖升高，是糖尿病不加控制的一种通常结果，随着时间的推移会对人体的许多系统带来严重损害，特别是神经和血管。

　　In 2014, 8.5% of adults aged 18 years and older had diabetes. In 2016, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths and in 2012 high blood glucose was the cause of another 2.2 million deaths.

　　2014年，18岁以上的成年人中有8.5%的人患有糖尿病。2016年，糖尿病直接造成160万例死亡。2012年，另有220万例死亡可归咎于高血糖。What are common consequences of diabetes?糖尿病的常见后果是什么?

　　Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

　　随着时间的推移，糖尿病可能损害心脏、血管、眼睛、肾脏和神经。

　　Adults with diabetes have a two- to three-fold increased risk of heart attacks and strokes .

　　糖尿病成人出现心脏病发作和中风的危险会上升两至三倍。

　　Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers, infection and eventual need for limb amputation.

　　足部神经病变(神经受损)与血流量减少结合在一起，增加了患足部溃疡、感染以及最终需要截肢的可能。

　　Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. 2.6% of global blindness can be attributed to diabetes .

　　糖尿病视网膜病变是失明的一主要病因，它是视网膜小血管长期累积受损的结果。全球2.6%的盲症可归咎于糖尿病。Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure.糖尿病位居肾衰竭主要病因之列。

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