现代生物控制学

　　Any science may be likened to a river, says a Johns Hopkins biologist, Professor Carl P. Swanson.“It has its obscure and unpretentious beginning; its quiet stretches as well as its rapids; its periods of drought as well as of fullness.

　　霍普金斯大学生物学家卡尔·P·斯旺森教授说：“每一门科学都可以比作一条河。其源头隐隐约约，并不引人注目;水流时而平缓，时而湍急;有汛期，也有枯水期。

　　It gathers momentum with the work of many investigators and as it is fed by other streams of thought; it is deepened and broadened by the concepts and generalizations that are gradually evolved.”So it is with the science of biological control in its modern sense.

　　由于许多人从事研究工作，各种思想像支流一样注入其中，这条河势头逐渐加强。新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使得它加深、加宽。”现代生物控制学就是如此。

　　In America it has its obscure beginnings a century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success.

　　一百年前，这门科学在美国开始创立时，可谓源头隐隐约约。当时，有些昆虫给农民带来了麻烦，有人第一次试图引进这些昆虫的天敌。这项工作有时进展缓慢，甚至停滞不前，有时却因一项突出的成就而加快速度，势头增强。

　　It has its period of drought when workers in applied entomology dazzled by the spectacular new insecticides of the1940s turned their backs on all biological methods and set foot on“the treadmill of chemical control.”But the goal of an insect- free world continued to recede.

　　这门科学也有过枯竭期。20世纪40年代，从事应用昆虫学的人研究人员看到新杀虫剂的显著效用，不禁为之眼花缭乱，便对生物方法冷眼相看，重新走上“化学控制的老路”。实现无昆虫的世界这一目标却越来越渺茫。

　　Now at last, as it has become apparent that the heedless and unrestrained use of chemicals is a greater menace to ourselves than to the targets, the river which is the science of biotic control flows again, fed by new streams of thought.

　　现在，很明显，盲目而无节制地使用化学杀虫剂，给我们本身造成的威胁远远大于给控制目标造成的威胁，于是生物控制学这一条河又流动起来，而且有新的思想支流注入其中。

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